Bullying - long tolerated as just a part of growing up - finally
has been recognized as a substantial and preventable health
problem. Bullying is associated with anxiety, depression, poor
school performance, and future delinquent behavior among its
targets, and reports regularly surface of youth who have committed
suicide at least in part because of intolerable bullying. Bullying
also can have harmful effects on children who bully, on bystanders,
on school climates, and on society at large. Bullying can occur at
all ages, from before elementary school to after high school. It
can take the form of physical violence, verbal attacks, social
isolation, spreading rumors, or cyberbullying. Increased concern
about bullying has led 49 states and the District of Columbia to
enact anti-bullying legislation since 1999. In addition, research
on the causes, consequences, and prevention of bullying has
expanded greatly in recent decades. However, major gaps still exist
in the understanding of bullying and of interventions that can
prevent or mitigate the effects of bullying. Building Capacity to
Reduce Bullying is the summary of a workshop convened by the Board
on Children, Youth, and Families of the Institute of Medicine and
National Research Council in April 2014 to identify the conceptual
models and interventions that have proven effective in decreasing
bullying, examine models that could increase protective factors and
mitigate the negative effects of bullying, and explore the
appropriate roles of different groups in preventing bullying. This
report reviews research on bullying prevention and intervention
efforts as well as efforts in related areas of research and
practice, implemented in a range of contexts and settings,
including schools, peers, families, communities, laws and public
policies, and technology. Building Capacity to Reduce Bullying
considers how involvement or lack of involvement by these sectors
influences opportunities for bullying, and appropriate roles for
these sectors in preventing bullying. This report highlights
current research on bullying prevention, considers what works and
what does not work, and derives lessons learned.
General
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