Normalizing flows, diffusion normalizing flows and variational
autoencoders are powerful generative models. This Element provides
a unified framework to handle these approaches via Markov chains.
The authors consider stochastic normalizing flows as a pair of
Markov chains fulfilling some properties, and show how many
state-of-the-art models for data generation fit into this
framework. Indeed numerical simulations show that including
stochastic layers improves the expressivity of the network and
allows for generating multimodal distributions from unimodal ones.
The Markov chains point of view enables the coupling of both
deterministic layers as invertible neural networks and stochastic
layers as Metropolis-Hasting layers, Langevin layers, variational
autoencoders and diffusion normalizing flows in a mathematically
sound way. The authors' framework establishes a useful mathematical
tool to combine the various approaches.
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