Stochastic Analysis of Mixed Fractional Gaussian Processes presents the main tools necessary to characterize Gaussian processes. The book focuses on the particular case of the linear combination of independent fractional and sub-fractional Brownian motions with different Hurst indices. Stochastic integration with respect to these processes is considered, as is the study of the existence and uniqueness of solutions of related SDE's. Applications in finance and statistics are also explored, with each chapter supplying a number of exercises to illustrate key concepts.

Probability is an area of mathematics of tremendous contemporary importance across all aspects of human endeavour. This book is a compact account of the basic features of probability and random processes at the level of first and second year mathematics undergraduates and Masters' students in cognate fields. It is suitable for a first course in probability, plus a follow-up course in random processes including Markov chains. A special feature is the authors' attention to rigorous mathematics: not everything is rigorous, but the need for rigour is explained at difficult junctures. The text is enriched by simple exercises, together with problems (with very brief hints) many of which are taken from final examinations at Cambridge and Oxford. The first eight chapters form a course in basic probability, being an account of events, random variables, and distributions - discrete and continuous random variables are treated separately - together with simple versions of the law of large numbers and the central limit theorem. There is an account of moment generating functions and their applications. The following three chapters are about branching processes, random walks, and continuous-time random processes such as the Poisson process. The final chapter is a fairly extensive account of Markov chains in discrete time. This second edition develops the success of the first edition through an updated presentation, the extensive new chapter on Markov chains, and a number of new sections to ensure comprehensive coverage of the syllabi at major universities.

Deep Learning, Volume 48 in the Handbook of Statistics series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of timely topics, including Generative Adversarial Networks for Biometric Synthesis, Data Science and Pattern Recognition, Facial Data Analysis, Deep Learning in Electronics, Pattern Recognition, Computer Vision and Image Processing, Mechanical Systems, Crop Technology and Weather, Manipulating Faces for Identity Theft via Morphing and Deepfake, Biomedical Engineering, and more.

Environmental Data Analysis with MATLAB, Third Edition, is a new edition that expands fundamentally on the original with an expanded tutorial approach, more clear organization, new crib sheets, and problem sets providing a clear learning path for students and researchers working to analyze real data sets in the environmental sciences. The work teaches the basics of the underlying theory of data analysis and then reinforces that knowledge with carefully chosen, realistic scenarios, including case studies in each chapter. The new edition is expanded to include applications to Python, an open source software environment. Significant content in Environmental Data Analysis with MATLAB, Third Edition is devoted to teaching how the programs can be effectively used in an environmental data analysis setting. This new edition offers chapters that can both be used as self-contained resources or as a step-by-step guide for students, and is supplemented with data and scripts to demonstrate relevant use cases.

Advancements in Bayesian Methods and Implementation, Volume 47 in the Handbook of Statistics series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of timely topics, including Fisher Information, Cramer-Rao and Bayesian Paradigm, Compound beta binomial distribution functions, MCMC for GLMMS, Signal Processing and Bayesian, Mathematical theory of Bayesian statistics where all models are wrong, Machine Learning and Bayesian, Non-parametric Bayes, Bayesian testing, and Data Analysis with humans, Variational inference or Functional horseshoe, Generalized Bayes.

Geometry and Statistics, Volume 46 in the Handbook of Statistics series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters written by an international board of authors.

Stochastic processes have a wide range of applications ranging from image processing, neuroscience, bioinformatics, financial management, and statistics. Mathematical, physical, and engineering systems use stochastic processes for modeling and reasoning phenomena. While comparing AI-stochastic systems with other counterpart systems, we are able to understand their significance, thereby applying new techniques to obtain new real-time results and solutions. Stochastic Processes and Their Applications in Artificial Intelligence opens doors for artificial intelligence experts to use stochastic processes as an effective tool in real-world problems in computational biology, speech recognition, natural language processing, and reinforcement learning. Covering key topics such as social media, big data, and artificial intelligence models, this reference work is ideal for mathematicians, industry professionals, researchers, scholars, academicians, practitioners, instructors, and students.

The subject of information geometry blends several areas of statistics, computer science, physics, and mathematics. The subject evolved from the groundbreaking article published by legendary statistician C.R. Rao in 1945. His works led to the creation of Cramer-Rao bounds, Rao distance, and Rao-Blackawellization. Fisher-Rao metrics and Rao distances play a very important role in geodesics, econometric analysis to modern-day business analytics. The chapters of the book are written by experts in the field who have been promoting the field of information geometry and its applications.

Data Science: Theory and Applications, Volume 44 in the Handbook of Statistics series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of interesting topics, including Modeling extreme climatic events using the generalized extreme value distribution, Bayesian Methods in Data Science, Mathematical Modeling in Health Economic Evaluations, Data Science in Cancer Genomics, Blockchain Technology: Theory and Practice, Statistical outline of animal home ranges, an application of set estimation, Application of Data Handling Techniques to Predict Pavement Performance, Analysis of individual treatment effects for enhanced inferences in medicine, and more. Additional sections cover Nonparametric Data Science: Testing Hypotheses in Large Complex Data, From Urban Mobility Problems to Data Science Solutions, and Data Structures and Artificial Intelligence Methods.

Statistics is used in two senses, singular and plural. In the singular, it concerns with the whole subject of statistics, as a branch of knowledge. In the plural sense, it relates to the numerical facts, data gathered systematically with some definite object in view. Thus, Statistics is the science, which deals with the collection, analysis and interpretation of data. An understanding of the logic and theory of statistics is essential for the students of agriculture who are expected to know the technique of analyzing numerical data and drawing useful conclusions. It is the intention of the author to keep the practical manual at a readability level at appropriate for students who do not have a mathematical background. This book has been prepared for the students and teachers as well to acquaint the basic concepts of statistical principles and procedures of calculations as per the syllabi of 5th Dean's committee of ICAR for undergraduate courses in agriculture and allied sciences.

Link prediction is required to understand the evolutionary theory of computing for different social networks. However, the stochastic growth of the social network leads to various challenges in identifying hidden links, such as representation of graph, distinction between spurious and missing links, selection of link prediction techniques comprised of network features, and identification of network types. Hidden Link Prediction in Stochastic Social Networks concentrates on the foremost techniques of hidden link predictions in stochastic social networks including methods and approaches that involve similarity index techniques, matrix factorization, reinforcement, models, and graph representations and community detections. The book also includes miscellaneous methods of different modalities in deep learning, agent-driven AI techniques, and automata-driven systems and will improve the understanding and development of automated machine learning systems for supervised, unsupervised, and recommendation-driven learning systems. It is intended for use by data scientists, technology developers, professionals, students, and researchers.

This book presents a short introduction to continuous-time financial models. An overview of the basics of stochastic analysis precedes a focus on the Black-Scholes and interest rate models. Other topics covered include self-financing strategies, option pricing, exotic options and risk-neutral probabilities. Vasicek, Cox-Ingersoll-Ross, and Heath-Jarrow-Morton interest rate models are also explored. The author presents practitioners with a basic introduction, with more rigorous information provided for mathematicians. The reader is assumed to be familiar with the basics of probability theory. Some basic knowledge of stochastic integration and differential equations theory is preferable, although all preliminary information is given in the first part of the book. Some relatively simple theoretical exercises are also provided.

Markov processes are processes that have limited memory. In particular, their dependence on the past is only through the previous state. They are used to model the behavior of many systems including communications systems, transportation networks, image segmentation and analysis, biological systems and DNA sequence analysis, random atomic motion and diffusion in physics, social mobility, population studies, epidemiology, animal and insect migration, queueing systems, resource management, dams, financial engineering, actuarial science, and decision systems. Covering a wide range of areas of application of Markov processes, this second edition is revised to highlight the most important aspects as well as the most recent trends and applications of Markov processes. The author spent over 16 years in the industry before returning to academia, and he has applied many of the principles covered in this book in multiple research projects. Therefore, this is an applications-oriented book that also includes enough theory to provide a solid ground in the subject for the reader.

The aim of this book is to provide methods and algorithms for the optimization of input signals so as to estimate parameters in systems described by PDE's as accurate as possible under given constraints. The optimality conditions have their background in the optimal experiment design theory for regression functions and in simple but useful results on the dependence of eigenvalues of partial differential operators on their parameters. Examples are provided that reveal sometimes intriguing geometry of spatiotemporal input signals and responses to them. An introduction to optimal experimental design for parameter estimation of regression functions is provided. The emphasis is on functions having a tensor product (Kronecker) structure that is compatible with eigenfunctions of many partial differential operators. New optimality conditions in the time domain and computational algorithms are derived for D-optimal input signals when parameters of ordinary differential equations are estimated. They are used as building blocks for constructing D-optimal spatio-temporal inputs for systems described by linear partial differential equations of the parabolic and hyperbolic types with constant parameters. Optimality conditions for spatially distributed signals are also obtained for equations of elliptic type in those cases where their eigenfunctions do not depend on unknown constant parameters. These conditions and the resulting algorithms are interesting in their own right and, moreover, they are second building blocks for optimality of spatio-temporal signals. A discussion of the generalizability and possible applications of the results obtained is presented.

This book is specially designed to refresh and elevate the level of understanding of the foundational background in probability and distributional theory required to be successful in a graduate-level statistics program. Advanced undergraduate students and introductory graduate students from a variety of quantitative backgrounds will benefit from the transitional bridge that this volume offers, from a more generalized study of undergraduate mathematics and statistics to the career-focused, applied education at the graduate level. In particular, it focuses on growing fields that will be of potential interest to future M.S. and Ph.D. students, as well as advanced undergraduates heading directly into the workplace: data analytics, statistics and biostatistics, and related areas.

This book includes a collection of articles that present recent developments in the fields of optimization and dynamic game theory, economic dynamics, dynamic theory of the firm, and population dynamics and non standard applications of optimal control theory. The authors of the articles are well respected authorities in their fields and are known for their high quality research in the fields of optimization and economic dynamics.

This book brings together carefully selected, peer-reviewed works on mathematical biology presented at the BIOMAT International Symposium on Mathematical and Computational Biology, which was held at the Institute of Numerical Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, in October 2017, in Moscow. Topics covered include, but are not limited to, the evolution of spatial patterns on metapopulations, problems related to cardiovascular diseases and modeled by boundary control techniques in hemodynamics, algebraic modeling of the genetic code, and multi-step biochemical pathways. Also, new results are presented on topics like pattern recognition of probability distribution of amino acids, somitogenesis through reaction-diffusion models, mathematical modeling of infectious diseases, and many others. Experts, scientific practitioners, graduate students and professionals working in various interdisciplinary fields will find this book a rich resource for research and applications alike.

Functional Gaussian Approximation for Dependent Structures develops and analyses mathematical models for phenomena that evolve in time and influence each another. It provides a better understanding of the structure and asymptotic behaviour of stochastic processes. Two approaches are taken. Firstly, the authors present tools for dealing with the dependent structures used to obtain normal approximations. Secondly, they apply normal approximations to various examples. The main tools consist of inequalities for dependent sequences of random variables, leading to limit theorems, including the functional central limit theorem and functional moderate deviation principle. The results point out large classes of dependent random variables which satisfy invariance principles, making possible the statistical study of data coming from stochastic processes both with short and long memory. The dependence structures considered throughout the book include the traditional mixing structures, martingale-like structures, and weakly negatively dependent structures, which link the notion of mixing to the notions of association and negative dependence. Several applications are carefully selected to exhibit the importance of the theoretical results. They include random walks in random scenery and determinantal processes. In addition, due to their importance in analysing new data in economics, linear processes with dependent innovations will also be considered and analysed.

This book presents a detailed study of the Lanczos potential in general relativity by using tetrad formalisms. It demonstrates that these formalisms offer some simplifications over the tensorial methods, and investigates a general approach to finding the Lanczos potential for algebraic space-time by translating all the tensorial relations concerning the Lanczos potential into the language of tetrad formalisms and using the Newman-Penrose and Geroch-Held-Penrose formalisms. In addition, the book obtains the Lanczos potential for perfect fluid space-time, and applies the results to cosmological models of the universe. In closing, it highlights other methods, apart from tetrad formalisms, for finding the Lanczos potential, as well as further applications of the Newman-Penrose formalism. Given its scope, the book will be of interest to pure mathematicians, theoretical physicists and cosmologists, and will provide common ground for communication among these scientific communities.

Survey Sampling Theory and Applications offers a comprehensive overview of survey sampling, including the basics of sampling theory and practice, as well as research-based topics and examples of emerging trends. The text is useful for basic and advanced survey sampling courses. Many other books available for graduate students do not contain material on recent developments in the area of survey sampling. The book covers a wide spectrum of topics on the subject, including repetitive sampling over two occasions with varying probabilities, ranked set sampling, Fays method for balanced repeated replications, mirror-match bootstrap, and controlled sampling procedures. Many topics discussed here are not available in other text books. In each section, theories are illustrated with numerical examples. At the end of each chapter theoretical as well as numerical exercises are given which can help graduate students.

This book presents up-to-date research developments and novel methodologies on semi-Markovian jump systems (S-MJS). It presents solutions to a series of problems with new approaches for the control and filtering of S-MJS, including stability analysis, sliding mode control, dynamic output feedback control, robust filter design, and fault detection. A set of newly developed techniques such as piecewise analysis method, positively invariant set approach, event-triggered method, and cone complementary linearization approaches are presented. Control and Filtering for Semi-Markovian Jump Systems is a comprehensive reference for researcher and practitioners working in control engineering, system sciences and applied mathematics, and is also a useful source of information for senior undergraduates and graduates in these areas. The readers will benefit from some new concepts, new models and new methodologies with practical significance in control engineering and signal processing.

Limit theorems for stochastic processes are an important part of probability theory and mathematical statistics and one model that has attracted the attention of many researchers working in the area is that of limit theorems for randomly stopped stochastic processes.

This volume is the first to present a state-of-the-art overview of this field, with many of the results published for the first time. It covers the general conditions as well as the basic applications of the theory, and it covers and demystifies the vast, and technically demanding, Russian literature in detail. A survey of the literature and an extended bibliography of works in the area are also provided.

The coverage is thorough, streamlined and arranged according to difficulty for use as an upper-level text if required. It is an essential reference for theoretical and applied researchers in the fields of probability and statistics that will contribute to the continuing extensive studies in the area and remain relevant for years to come.