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La ultima gaviota - Liberalism and Nostalgia in Early Twentieth-Century Panama (Hardcover)
Loot Price: R2,322
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La ultima gaviota - Liberalism and Nostalgia in Early Twentieth-Century Panama (Hardcover)
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This study examines the development of Panamanian nationalism,
focusing on the period from 1903 to 1941. Utilizing historiography,
literature, public architecture, and monuments, Szok posits that
Panamanian nationalism is, in part, a legacy of the nineteenth
century when Panama experienced a nationalist movement typical of
the rest of Latin America. This movement was a creation of the
country's white elite, who feared the Afro-mestizo masses and
sought the protection of outside powers. Later joining forces with
the growing middle class, the upper class continued to emphasize
liberalism and promoted nostalgia for things Hispanic. This effort
left it largely divorced from the Afro-Caribbean culture of the
terminal cities and would ultimately contribute to its loss of
power in 1968. The elite's goal of constructing an interoceanic
canal that would Europeanize the isthmus and open it to investment
was realized in 1903 with the intervention of the United States and
the separation from Colombia. The canal and independence soon
fostered a rising middle class who became disillusioned with
post-independence society and the limits placed upon its
professional advancement. Once united with the elite in the
protection of their own interests, the middle class used nostalgia
to protect their social position even as they continued to press
for modernization. Szok challenges some long-held stereotypes of
Panama, particularly that it was "invented" by the United States
and that its development is unique and thus lies outside the
trajectory of Latin America.
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