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Books > History > History of specific subjects > Economic history
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Rethinking the Great Transition - Community and Economic Growth in County Durham, 1349-1660 (Hardcover)
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Rethinking the Great Transition - Community and Economic Growth in County Durham, 1349-1660 (Hardcover)
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This case study of two rural parishes in County Durham, England,
provides an alternate view on the economic development involved in
the transition from medieval to modern, partly explaining England's
rise to global economic dominance in the seventeenth century. Coal
mining did not come to these parishes until the nineteenth century;
these are an example of agrarian expansion. Low population,
favourable seigniorial administration, and a commercialised society
saw the emergence of large farms on the bishopric of Durham soon
after the Black Death; these secure copyhold and leasehold tenures
were among the earliest known in England. Individualism developed
within a strong parish and village community that encouraged growth
while enforcing conformity: tenants had freedom to farm as they
wished, within limits. Along with low rents, this allowed for a
swift expansion of agricultural production in the sixteenth century
as population rose and then as the coal trade expanded rapidly. The
prosperity of these men is reflected in their lands, livestock, and
consumer goods. Yet not all shared in this prosperity, as the poor
and landless increased in number simply by population growth.
Through reformation and rebellion, these and other parishes
prospered without experiencing severe disruption or destruction. In
north-eastern England, agrarian development was an evolution and
not a revolution. This study shows England's economic development
as a single narrative, woven together from a collection of regional
experiences at different times and at different speeds.
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