Enhanced knowledge of the nature and causes of mental disorder
have led increasingly to a need for the recruitment of cognitively
vulnerable participants in biomedical research. These individuals
often fall into the grey area between obvious decisional competence
and obvious decisional incompetence and, as a result, may not be
recognised as having the legal capacity to make such decisions
themselves. At the core of the ethical debate surrounding the
participation of cognitively vulnerable individuals in research is
when, if at all, we should judge them decisionally and legally
competent to consent to or refuse research participation on their
own behalf and when they should be judged incompetent in this
respect.
In this book, the author develops a novel justificatory
framework for making judgments of decisional competence to consent
to biomedical research with reference to five groups of cognitively
vulnerable individuals - older children and adolescents, adults
with intellectual disabilities, adults with depression, adults with
schizophrenia and adults with dementia, including Alzheimer s
disease. Using this framework, the author argues that we can make
morally defensible judgments about the competence or incompetence
of a potential participant to give contemporaneous consent to
research by having regard to whether a judgment of competence would
be more harmful to the generic rights of the potential participant
than a judgment of incompetence. The argument is also used to
justify an account of supported decision-making in research, and
applied to evaluate the extent to which this approach is evident in
existing ethical guidelines and legal provisions. The book will be
of interest to bioethicists as well as psychiatrists and academic
medical lawyers interested in normative questions raised by the
concepts of competence and capacity."
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