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The Limits Of Expertise - Rethinking Pilot Error And The Causes Of Airline Accidents (Paperback, New Ed)
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The Limits Of Expertise - Rethinking Pilot Error And The Causes Of Airline Accidents (Paperback, New Ed)
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Why would highly skilled, well-trained pilots make errors that lead
to accidents when they had safely completed many thousands of
previous flights? The majority of all aviation accidents are
attributed primarily to human error, but this is often
misinterpreted as evidence of lack of skill, vigilance, or
conscientiousness of the pilots. The Limits of Expertise is a fresh
look at the causes of pilot error and aviation accidents, arguing
that accidents can be understood only in the context of how the
overall aviation system operates. The authors analyzed in great
depth the 19 major U.S. airline accidents from 1991-2000 in which
the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) found crew error to
be a causal factor. Each accident is reviewed in a separate chapter
that examines events and crew actions and explores the cognitive
processes in play at each step. The approach is guided by extensive
evidence from cognitive psychology that human skill and error are
opposite sides of the same coin. The book examines the ways in
which competing task demands, ambiguity and organizational
pressures interact with cognitive processes to make all experts
vulnerable to characteristic forms of error. The final chapter
identifies themes cutting across the accidents, discusses the role
of chance, criticizes simplistic concepts of causality of
accidents, and suggests ways to reduce vulnerability to these
catastrophes. The authors' complementary experience allowed a
unique approach to the study: accident investigation with the NTSB,
cognitive psychology research both in the lab and in the field,
enormous first-hand experience of piloting, and application of
aviation psychology in both civil and military operations. This
combination allowed the authors to examine and explain the
domain-specific aspects of aviation operations and to extend
advances in basic research in cognition to complex issues of human
performance in the real world. Although The Limits of Expertise is
directed to aviation operations, the implications are clear for
understanding the decision processes, skilled performance and
errors of professionals in many domains, including medicine.
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