In 1269 Petrus Peregrinus observed lines of force around a
lodestone and noted that they were concentrated at two points which
he designated as the north and south poles of the magnet.
Subsequent observation has confirmed that all magnetic objects have
paired regions of' opposite polarity, that is, all magnets are
dipoles. It is easy to conceive of an isolated pole, which J.J.
Thomson did in 1904 when he set his famous problem of the motion of
an electron in the field of a magnetic charge. In 1931 P.A.M. Dirac
solved this problem quantum mechanically and showed that the
existence of a single magnet pole anywhere in the universe could
explain the mystery of charge quantization. By late 1981,
theoretical interest in monopoles had reached the point where a
meeting was organized at the International Centre for Theoretical
Physics in Trieste. Many mathematical properties of monopoles were
discussed at length but there was only a solitary account
describing experiments. This imbalance did not so much reflect the
meeting's venue as it indicated the relative theoretical and
experimental effort at that point.
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