The association between AIDS and cancer was recognized from the
beginning of the AIDS epidemic, when the appearance of Kaposi
sarcoma in a cluster of young men was one of the first signs of
this new disease. It was soon recognized that AIDS was caused by
infection with a novel virus (HIV) and that AIDS patients are prone
to develop a number of "AIDS-defining" cancers: Kaposi sarcoma,
lymphoma, and cervical cancer. The development of effective
combination anti-HIV therapy starting around 1996 converted AIDS
from a death sentence to a manageable disease and led to dramatic
shifts in the epidemic. As this therapy was able to improve immune
function in patients, the incidence of most "AIDS-defining" cancers
decreased. There is a misconception, however, that AIDS has gone
away. In fact, as AIDS patients are living longer, the number of
AIDS patients has more than doubled in the United States since
1996, and the AIDS population overall has increased in age. Also,
as AIDS patients are less likely to die of other complications,
cancer is coming to the forefront as one of the most common causes
of death in regions where AIDS drugs are widely available.
Moreover, the three "AIDS-defining" cancers are now taking a back
seat to a number of other HIV-associated cancers, such as Hodgkin
lymphoma, lung cancer, and anal cancer. In the developing world,
AIDS-associated cancers are a major public health problem, and in
some regions of sub-Saharan Africa, Kaposi sarcoma is the most
common tumor in men. In recent years, there has been a vast
increase in our understanding of HIV-associated cancers. We now
know, for example, that most are caused by other viruses and that
the main role of HIV and immunodeficiency is to provide a
supportive environment for the viruses to multiply and for the
cancers to develop. But there remain a number of unanswered
questions and a need for improved prevention and therapy. In the 28
chapters of this book, written by some of the most renowned experts
in this field, we present up-to-date information on the cancers
associated with HIV infection. The chapters cover the epidemiology
of these cancers, their pathogenesis, their clinical presentation,
and their treatment. The book will be of value to physicians, other
medical professionals, students, and researchers with an interest
in AIDS, viral-associated cancers, or HIV-associated malignancies.
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. HIV-associated Cancers: Overview Robert
Yarchoan, Thomas Uldrick, Mark Polizotto 2. Epidemiology of
AIDS-defining Malignancies William A. Blattner and Rebecca G. Nowak
3. Epidemiology of non-AIDS Defining Malignancies Andrew E. Grulich
4. HIV Cancers in Resource-Limited Regions Sam M. Mbulaiteye 5.
Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) Blossom Damania and
Dirk P. Dittmer 6. Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) Lindsey Hutt-Fletcher
7. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Zhi-Ming Zheng 8. Merkel Cell
Polymavirus (MCV) Nicole Fischer and Adam Grundhoff 9. Presentation
and Pathogenesis of Kaposi's Sarcoma Corey Casper 10. Management of
Kaposi's Sarcoma Susan E. Krown 11. Presentation and Pathogenesis
of HIV Lymphomas Richard F. Little, Stefania Pittaluga, Kieron
Dunleavy 12. Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Neel K. Gupta and
Lawrence D. Kaplan 13. Burkitt and Burkitt-Like Lymphoma Kishor
Bhatia and Sam M. Mbulaiteye 14. Primary Effusion Lymphoma Giovanna
Tosato 15. AIDS-related Central Nervous System Lymphoma Jan
Davidson-Moncada and Thomas Uldrick 16. Plasmablastic and Other
Lymphomas Huan-You Wang, Ida Wong-Sefidan, Erin Reid 17. Hodkin
Lymphoma Michele Spina, Rosanna Ciancia, Accursio Augello 18.
Multicentric Castelman Disease Mark N. Polizzotto, Thomas S.
Uldrick, Robert Yarchoan 19. Cervical Cancer Elizabeth A. Stier 20.
Anal Cancer Joel Palefsky 21. Other HPV-Associated Cancers Kristina
R. Dahlstrom and Erich M. Sturgis 22. Lung Cancer in HIV Infection
Deepthi Mani and David M. Aboulafia 23. Hepattocellular Carcinoma
in HIV-positive Patients Massimiliano Berretta, Paolo De Paoli,
Umberto Tirelli, Bruno Cacopardo 24. Merkel Cell Carcinoma and
Other HIV-associated Skin Cancers Nathalie C. Zeitouni adn Bethany
Lema 25. Conjuctival Carcinoma Kenneth O. Simbiri and Erle S.
Robertson 26. Malignancies in Children with HIV Infection D.
Cristina Stefan 27. cART and Supportive Care Ronald T. Mitsuyasu
28. Stem Cell Transplantation Christine Durand and Richard Ambinder
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