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Relationship Between Automatic & Controlled Processes of Attention & Leading to Complex Thinking (Hardcover, New)
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Relationship Between Automatic & Controlled Processes of Attention & Leading to Complex Thinking (Hardcover, New)
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This book begins with a theoretical and up-to-date overview on
automatic and controlled processes. Automatic processing is
effortless, fast and fairly error-free. It can be accomplished
simultaneously with other cognitive processes without interference,
it is not limited by attention capacity and it can be unconscious
or involuntary. Controlled processing is effortful, slow and prone
to errors but -- at the same time, flexible and useful to deal with
new tasks. Some automatic processes are thought to be
pre-programmed or innate and include the encoding of temporal or
spatial relationships, frequent monitoring and the activation of
word meaning. Other cognitive processes become automatic with
practice. The second part deals the shift from controlled to
automatic processing as the core of the access to complex thinking.
When somebody starts learning, attention is allocated in order to
fulfil task requirements. Performance requires controlled
processing. When training proceeds, performance requires less
vigilance, it becomes faster and faster and errors decrease. This
is defined automatisation. Automatisation concerns both perceptual
and motor skills and cognitive processes. The essence of the book
is that high load in the coding of the stimuli results in reduced
perception of distractor stimuli because there is insufficient
capacity to process them all. The controlled processes rely on and
negatively influence higher mental functions, such as working
memory, which are required to maintain current priorities and to
choose between them, and also rely on complex thinking because this
latter ask for an efficient working memory system.
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