Sam Haselby offers a new and persuasive account of the role of
religion in the formation of American nationality. The book shows
how, in the early American republic, a contest within Protestantism
reshaped American political culture, leading to the creation of an
enduring religious nationalism. Following U.S. independence, the
new republic faced vital challenges, including a vast and unique
continental colonization project undertaken without (in the
centuries-old European senses of the terms) either "a church" or "a
state." Amid this crisis, two distinct Protestant movements arose:
one, a popular and rambunctious frontier revivalism, and the other
a nationalist, corporate missionary movement dominated by New
England and Northeastern elites. The former heralded the birth of
popular American Protestantism, while the latter marked the advent
of systematic Protestant missionary activity in the West. The
world-historic economic and territorial growth that accelerated in
the early American republic, and the complexity of its political
life, gave both movements unusual opportunity for innovation and
influence. The Origins of American Religious Nationalism explores
the competition between them in relation to major contemporary
political developments. More specifically, political
democratization, large-scale immigration and unruly migration,
fears of political disintegration, the rise of American capitalism
and American slavery, and the need to nationalize the frontier, all
shaped, and were shaped by, this contest. The book follows these
developments, focusing mostly on religion and the frontier, from
before the American Revolution to the rise of Andrew Jackson. The
approach helps explains many important general developments in
American history, including why Indian removal took place when and
how it did, why the political power of the Southern planter class
could be sustained, and, above all, how Andrew Jackson was able to
create the first full-blown expression of American religious
nationalism.
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