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Race and the Politics of Welfare Reform (Paperback)
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Race and the Politics of Welfare Reform (Paperback)
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It's hard to imagine discussing welfare policy without discussing
race, yet all too often this uncomfortable factor is avoided or
simply ignored. Sometimes the relationship between welfare and race
is treated as so self-evident as to need no further attention;
equally often, race in the context of welfare is glossed over, lest
it raise hard questions about racism in American society as a
whole. Either way, ducking the issue misrepresents the facts and
misleads the public and policy-makers alike.
Many scholars have addressed specific aspects of this subject, but
until now there has been no single integrated overview. Race and
the Politics of Welfare Reform is designed to fill this need and
provide a forum for a range of voices and perspectives that
reaffirm the key role race has played--and continues to play--in
our approach to poverty.
The essays collected here offer a systematic, step-by-step approach
to the issue. Part 1 traces the evolution of welfare from the 1930s
to the sweeping Clinton-era reforms, providing a historical context
within which to consider today's attitudes and strategies. Part 2
looks at media representation and public perception, observing, for
instance, that although blacks accounted for only about one-third
of America's poor from 1967 to 1992, they featured in nearly
two-thirds of news stories on poverty, a bias inevitably reflected
in public attitudes. Part 3 discusses public discourse, asking
questions like "Whose voices get heard and why?" and "What does
'race' mean to different constituencies?" For although
"old-fashioned" racism has been replaced by euphemism, many of the
same underlying prejudices still drive welfare debates--and indeed
are all themore pernicious for being unspoken. Part 4 examines
policy choices and implementation, showing how even the
best-intentioned reform often simply displaces institutional
inequities to the individual level--bias exercised case by case but
no less discriminatory in effect. Part 5 explores the effects of
welfare reform and the implications of transferring policy-making
to the states, where local politics and increasing use of
referendum balloting introduce new, often unpredictable concerns.
Finally, Frances Fox Piven's concluding commentary, "Why Welfare Is
Racist," offers a provocative response to the views expressed in
the pages that have gone before--intended not as a "last word" but
rather as the opening argument in an ongoing, necessary, and newly
envisioned national debate.
Sanford Schram is Visiting Professor of Social Work and Social
Research, Bryn Mawr Graduate School of Social Work and Social
Research.
Joe Soss teaches in the Department of Government at the Graduate
school of Public Affairs, American University, Washington, D.C.
Richard Fording is Associate Professor in the Department of
Political Science, University of Kentucky.
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