In 1999, less than one year after both countries tested nuclear
weapons, India and Pakistan found themselves locked in another
armed conflict. In spite of a ray of hope for peace in February
1999, when the Indian Prime Minister, A.B. Vajpayee, visited
Pakistan and signed the Lahore declaration, by April 1999, the two
countries were effectively at war. From the prospect of improved
relations and a chance for a peaceful resolution of differences,
within one month the subcontinent was plunged into another war. In
a brilliant tactical plan, Pakistan launched Operation Badr which
saw a brigade sized force of Pakistan Army troops and Islamist
militants infiltrate into Indian controlled territory. Supported by
Pakistani artillery and well provided with small arms, mortars, and
anti-aircraft weapons, these infiltrators were able to entrench
along ridgelines with commanding positions over Indian lines of
supply and communications. Once realizing the seriousness of the
situation, the Indian government ordered its armed forces into a
ponderous, but ultimately successful effort to evict the invaders.
Facing treacherous terrain, and a well-supplied and entrenched
enemy, the Indian Army troops supported by artillery and air force
clawed their way up mountain heights to capture fortified enemy
positions. 'Kargil 1999' is the first ever military history of this
conflict in the English language. It examines the political and
strategic situation in the run-up to the conflict, the precarious
position of the Indian government, and the disconnect between the
Pakistani civilian government and its armed forces. Moreover, it
provides a detailed review of the state of the Indian and Pakistani
armed forces as of 1998-1999, with particular attention to their
organization, orders of battle, their air forces and air defence
networks. Because the Kargil War of 1999 was the first conflict
during which both India and Pakistan were in possession of nuclear
weapons, this account provides a detailed review of their related
potentials - including stocks of fissile materials, and delivery
systems (manned aircraft and the burgeoning indigenous ballistic
missile programs of increasing sophistication). Finally, 'Kargil
1999' provides a detailed account of ground combat, which
culminated in the Indian infantry storming the heights occupied by
the Pakistani infantry, while supported by artillery and air force.
Illustrated by more than 100 photographs, maps, and authentic
colour artworks, 'Kargil 1999' offers a military perspective of the
first confrontation of the two declared nuclear powers of South
Asia - a conflict that tested their political, military,
diplomatic, and nuclear resolve.
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