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The Diary of Antera Duke, an Eighteenth-Century African Slave Trader (Hardcover)
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The Diary of Antera Duke, an Eighteenth-Century African Slave Trader (Hardcover)
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The diary of Antera Duke is one of the earliest and most extensive
surviving documents written by an African residing in coastal West
Africa predating the arrival of British missionaries and officials
in the mid-19th century. Antera Duke (ca.1735-ca.1809) was a leader
and merchant in late eighteenth-century Old Calabar, a cluster of
Efik-speaking communities in the Cross River region. He resided in
Duke Town, forty miles from the Atlantic Ocean in modern-day
southeast Nigeria. His diary, written in trade English from 18
January 1785 to 31 January 1788, is a candid account of daily life
in an African community during a period of great historical
interest. Written by a major African merchant at the height of
Calabar's overseas commerce, it provides valuable information on
Old Calabar's economic activity both with other African businessmen
and with European ship captains who arrived to trade for slaves,
produce and provisions. It is also unique in chronicling the
day-to-day social and cultural life of a vibrant African community.
Antera Duke's diary is much more than a historical curiosity; it is
the voice of a leading African-Atlantic merchant who lived during
an age of expanding cross-cultural trade. The book reproduces the
original diary of Antera Duke, as transcribed by a Scottish
missionary, Arthur W. Wilkie, ca. 1907 and published by OUP in
1956. A new rendering of the diary into standard English appears on
facing pages, and the editors have advanced the annotation
completed by anthropologist Donald Simmons in 1954 by editing 71
and adding 158 footnotes. The updated reference information
incorporates new primary and secondary source material on Old
Calabar, and notes where their editorial decisions differ from
those made by Wilkie and Simmons. Chapters 1 and 2 detail the
eighteenth-century Calabar slave and produce trades, emphasizing
how personal relationships between British and Efik merchants
formed the nexus of trade at Old Calabar. To build a picture of Old
Calabar's regional trading networks, Chapter 3 draws upon
information contained in Antera Duke's diary, other contemporary
sources, and shipping records from the 1820s. Chapter 4 places
information in Antera Duke's diary in the context of
eighteenth-century Old Calabar political, social and religious
history, charting how Duke Town eclipsed Old Town and Creek Town
through military power, lineage strength and commercial acumen.
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