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Books > Social sciences > Psychology > Cognition & cognitive psychology
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Human Reasoning - The Psychology Of Deduction (Paperback)
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Human Reasoning - The Psychology Of Deduction (Paperback)
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Deductive reasoning is widely regarded as an activity central to
human intelligence, and as such has attracted a large amount of
psychological study. In this survey of the field, the authors
provide a detailed and balanced review of all the main kinds of
deductive reasoning tasks studied by psychologists. Topics covered
include conditional and disjunctive reasoning, the Wason selection
task, relational inference, and reasoning with syllogisms and
quantifiers.; Throughout the review, a distinction is drawn between
the main empirical findings in the field and the major theoretical
approaches proposed to account for these findings. Discussion of
experimental findings is organized around three central questions:
what is the extent and limitation of human competence in deductive
reasoning?; what factors are responsible for systematic errors and
biases on reasoning tasks?; and how is human reasoning influenced
by the content in which logical problems are presented?; Four major
classes of theory are discussed throughout the book. The
long-established theory that people have a mental logic comprised
of formal rules of inference is contrasted particularly with the
more recently developed mental model theory of deductive reasoning.
Explanations of many phenomena, especially biases, are also
considered in terms of heuristic processes. Finally, consideration
is given to accounts of content and context effects based upon the
use of domain-sensitive rules or schemas.; The book ends with a
discussion of research on deductive reasoning in the context of the
debate about human rationality.
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