DNA or Deoxyribonucleic Acid computing is an emerging branch of
computing that uses DNA sequence, biochemistry, and hardware for
encoding genetic information in computers. Here, information is
represented by using the four genetic alphabets or DNA bases,
namely A (Adenine), G (Guanine), C (Cytosine), and T (Thymine),
instead of the binary representation (1 and 0) used by traditional
computers. This is achieved because short DNA molecules of any
arbitrary sequence of A, G, C, and T can be synthesized to order.
DNA computing is mainly popular for three reasons: (i) speed (ii)
minimal storage requirements, and (iii) minimal power requirements.
There are many applications of DNA computing in the field of
computer science. Nowadays, DNA computing is widely used in
cryptography for achieving a strong security technique, so that
unauthorized users are unable to retrieve the original data
content. In DNA-based encryption, data are encrypted by using DNA
bases (A, T, G, and C) instead of 0 and 1. As four DNA bases are
used in the encryption process, DNA computing supports more
randomness and makes it more complex for attackers or malicious
users to hack the data. DNA computing is also used for data storage
because a large number of data items can be stored inside the
condensed volume. One gram of DNA holds approx DNA bases or approx
700 TB. However, it takes approx 233 hard disks to store the same
data on 3 TB hard disks, and the weight of all these hard disks can
be approx 151 kilos. In a cloud environment, the Data Owner (DO)
stores their confidential encrypted data outside of their own
domain, which attracts many attackers and hackers. DNA computing
can be one of the best solutions to protect the data of a cloud
server. Here, the DO can use DNA bases to encrypt the data by
generating a long DNA sequence. Another application of DNA
computing is in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Many researchers are
trying to improve the security of WSN by using DNA computing. Here,
DNA cryptography is used along with Secure Socket Layer (SSL) that
supports a secure medium to exchange information. However, recent
research shows some limitations of DNA computing. One of the
critical issues is that DNA cryptography does not have a strong
mathematical background like other cryptographic systems. This
edited book is being planned to bring forth all the information of
DNA computing. Along with the research gaps in the currently
available books/literature, this edited book presents many
applications of DNA computing in the fields of computer science.
Moreover, research challenges and future work directions in DNA
computing are also provided in this edited book.
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