The study of birth defects has assumed an importance even greater
now than in the past because mortality rates attributed to
congenital anomalies have declined far less than those for other
causes of death, such as infectious and nutritional diseases. It is
estimated that as many as 50% of all pregnancies terminate as
miscarriages. In the majority of cases this is the result of faulty
development. Major congenital malformations are found in at least
2% of all liveborn infants, and 22% of all stillbirths and infant
deaths are associated with severe congenital anomalies.
Teratological studies of an experimental nature are neither ethical
nor justifiable in humans. Numerous investigations have been
carried out in laboratory animals and other experimental models in
order to improve our understanding of abnormal intra-uterine
development. In less than two decades the field of experimental
teratology has advanced phenomenally. As a result of the wide range
of information that is now accumulating, it has become possible to
obtain an insight into the causes, mec.;hanisms and prevention of
birth defects. However, considerable work will be needed before
these problems can be resolved. The. contributions in this volume
deal primarily with the areas of terato logical evaluation and the
use of selected animal models for the study of con genital
anomalies. It is not only a documentation of the latest
experimental work, but it also indicates new and important areas
for future research."
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