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Water Loss Assessment in Distribution Networks - Methods, Applications and Implications in Intermittent Supply (Paperback)
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Water Loss Assessment in Distribution Networks - Methods, Applications and Implications in Intermittent Supply (Paperback)
Series: IHE Delft PhD Thesis Series
Expected to ship within 10 - 15 working days
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Water utilities worldwide lose 128 billion cubic meters annually,
causing annual monetary losses estimated at USD 40 billion. Most of
these losses occur in developing countries (74%). This calls for
rethinking the challenges facing water utilities in developing
countries, foremost of which is the assessment of water losses in
intermittent supply networks. Water loss assessment methods were
originally developed in continuous supply systems, and their
application in intermittently operated networks (in developing
countries) is hindered by the widespread use of household water
tanks and unauthorised consumption. This study provides an
extensive review of existing methods and (software) tools for water
loss assessment. In addition, several new methods were developed,
which offer improved water loss assessment in intermittent supply.
As the volume of water loss varies monthly and annually according
to the amount of supplied water, this study proposes procedures to
normalise the volume of water loss in order to enable water
utilities to monitor and benchmark their performance on water loss
management. The study also developed a novel method of estimating
apparent losses using routine data of WWTP inflows, enabling future
real-time monitoring of losses in networks. Different methods have
also been suggested to estimate the unauthorised consumption in
networks. This study found that minimum night flow analysis can
still be applied in intermittent supply if an area of the network
is supplied for several days. Furthermore, this study concluded
that water meter performance is enhanced in intermittent supply
conditions. However, continuous supply in the presence of
float-valves significantly reduces the accuracy of water meters.
Finally, this study provides guidance and highlights several
knowledge gaps in order to improve the accuracy of water loss
assessment in intermittent supply. Accurate assessment of water
loss is a prerequisite for reliable leakage modelling and
minimisation as well as planning for, and monitoring of water loss
management in distribution networks.
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