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Radiation Hazards to Crews of Interplanetary Missions - Biological Issues and Research Strategies (Paperback)
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Radiation Hazards to Crews of Interplanetary Missions - Biological Issues and Research Strategies (Paperback)
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NASA's long-range plans include possible human exploratory missions
to the moon and Mars within the next quarter century. Such missions
beyond low Earth orbit will expose crews to transient radiation
from solar particle events as well as continuous high-energy
galactic cosmic rays ranging from energetic protons with low mean
linear energy transfer (LET) to nuclei with high atomic numbers,
high energies, and high LET. Because the radiation levels in space
are high and the missions long, adequate shielding is needed to
minimize the deleterious health effects of exposure to radiation.
The knowledge base needed to design shielding involves two sets of
factors, each with quantitative uncertainty-the radiation spectra
and doses present behind different types of shielding, and the
effects of the doses on relevant biological systems. It is only
prudent to design shielding that will protect the crew of
spacecraft exposed to predicted high, but uncertain, levels of
radiation and biological effects. Because of the uncertainties
regarding the degree and type of radiation protection needed, a
requirement for shielding to protect against large deleterious, but
uncertain, biological effects may be imposed, which in turn could
result in an unacceptable cost to a mission. It therefore is of
interest to reduce these uncertainties in biological effects and
shielding requirements for reasons of mission feasibility, safety,
and cost.
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