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Essays on Paradoxes (Hardcover)
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Essays on Paradoxes (Hardcover)
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This volume brings together many of Terence Horgan's essays on
paradoxes: Newcomb's problem, the Monty Hall problem, the
two-envelope paradox, the sorites paradox, and the Sleeping Beauty
problem. Newcomb's problem arises because the ordinary concept of
practical rationality constitutively includes normative standards
that can sometimes come into direct conflict with one another. The
Monty Hall problem reveals that sometimes the higher-order fact of
one's having reliably received pertinent new first-order
information constitutes stronger pertinent new information than
does the new first-order information itself. The two-envelope
paradox reveals that epistemic-probability contexts are weakly
hyper-intensional; that therefore, non-zero epistemic probabilities
sometimes accrue to epistemic possibilities that are not
metaphysical possibilities; that therefore, the available acts in a
given decision problem sometimes can simultaneously possess several
different kinds of non-standard expected utility that rank the acts
incompatibly. The sorites paradox reveals that a certain kind of
logical incoherence is inherent to vagueness, and that therefore,
ontological vagueness is impossible. The Sleeping Beauty problem
reveals that some questions of probability are properly answered
using a generalized variant of standard conditionalization that is
applicable to essentially indexical self-locational possibilities,
and deploys "preliminary" probabilities of such possibilities that
are not prior probabilities. The volume also includes three new
essays: one on Newcomb's problem, one on the Sleeping Beauty
problem, and an essay on epistemic probability that articulates and
motivates a number of novel claims about epistemic probability that
Horgan has come to espouse in the course of his writings on
paradoxes. A common theme unifying these essays is that
philosophically interesting paradoxes typically resist either easy
solutions or solutions that are formally/mathematically highly
technical. Another unifying theme is that such paradoxes often have
deep-sometimes disturbing-philosophical morals.
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