Over the weekend of 21-23 February 1997, a small group gathered in
Tallahassee, Florida, at the invitation of Ted Williams, to discuss
"photo stasis and related topics." The majority of participants
were former students and colleagues of Ted's, but an occasional
outsider such as myself was generously included. The papers
presented there are collected in this volume. The theory of photo
stasis was first outlined in a landmark paper by John Penn and Ted,
published in 1986 in Experimental Eye Research. They provided
compelling data showing that, in the albino rat eye, levels of
rhodopsin, outer-segment length, rhodopsin regeneration rate, and
even, perhaps, rhodopsin packing density all depend on the levels
of cyclic illumination (12 hours light, 12 hours dark) in which the
animal was reared. So, for example, there is fourfold less
rhodopsin in a retinal extract derived from an animal reared at 400
lux than in an extract from the retina of an animal reared at 3
lux. Animals reared at intermediate levels of light show
intermediate amounts of rhodopsin that are correlated with
illumination level. What these data immediately suggested is that
the photoreceptor cell can adjust its photon-catching ability in
response to the levels of light in which an animal is reared, and
they also provided a compelling rationale for outer-segment
turnover, a phenomenon discovered 20 years earlier by Richard Young
but whose function has remained obscure.
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