This volume critically analyzes and explains the goals, processes,
and effects of language policies in the United States and Canada
from historical and contemporary perspectives. The focus of this
book is to explore parallel and divergent developments in language
policy and language rights in the two countries, especially in the
past four decades, as a basis for reflection on what can be learned
from one country's experience by the other. Effects of language
policies and practices on majority and minority individuals and
groups are evaluated. Differences in national and regional language
situations in the U.S. and Canada are traced to historical and
sociological, demographic, and legal factors which have sometimes
been inappropriately generalized or ignored by ideologues. The
point is to show that certain general principles of economics and
sociology apply to the situations in both countries, but that
differing notions of sovereignty, state and nation, ethnicity,
pluralism, and multiculturalism have shaped attitudes and policies
in significant ways. Understanding the bases for these varying
attitudes and policies provides a clearer understanding of the
idiosyncratic as well as more universal factors that contribute to
tensions between groups and to outcomes, many of which are
unintended. The volume makes clear that language matters always
involve issues of culture, economics, politics, individual and
group identities, and local and national histories.
The chapters provide detailed analyses on a wide range of issues
at the national, state/provincial, and local levels in both
countries. The chapter authors come from a variety of academic
disciplines (education, geography, journalism, law, linguistics,
political science, and sociology), and the findings, taken
together, contribute to an evolving, interdisciplinary theory of
language policy.
General
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