The growth in the amount of data collected and generated has
exploded in recent times with the widespread automation of various
day-to-day activities, advances in high-level scienti?c and
engineering research and the development of e?cient data collection
tools. This has given rise to the need for automa-
callyanalyzingthedatainordertoextractknowledgefromit, therebymaking
the data potentially more useful. Knowledge discovery and data
mining (KDD) is the process of identifying valid, novel,
potentially useful and ultimately understandable patterns from
massive data repositories. It is a multi-disciplinary topic,
drawing from s- eral ?elds including expert systems, machine
learning, intelligent databases, knowledge acquisition, case-based
reasoning, pattern recognition and stat- tics. Many data mining
systems have typically evolved around well-organized database
systems (e.g., relational databases) containing relevant
information. But, more and more, one ?nds relevant information
hidden in unstructured text and in other complex forms. Mining in
the domains of the world-wide web, bioinformatics, geoscienti?c
data, and spatial and temporal applications comprise some
illustrative examples in this regard. Discovery of knowledge, or
potentially useful patterns, from such complex data often requires
the - plication of advanced techniques that are better able to
exploit the nature and representation of the data. Such advanced
methods include, among o- ers, graph-based and tree-based
approaches to relational learning, sequence mining, link-based
classi?cation, Bayesian networks, hidden Markov models, neural
networks, kernel-based methods, evolutionary algorithms, rough sets
and fuzzy logic, and hybrid systems. Many of these methods are
developed in the following chapters
General
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