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Globalizing Southeastern Europe - Emigrants, America, and the State since the Late Nineteenth Century (Paperback)
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Globalizing Southeastern Europe - Emigrants, America, and the State since the Late Nineteenth Century (Paperback)
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At the end of the nineteenth century, Southeastern Europe became a
prime sending region of emigrants to overseas countries, in
particular the United States. This massive movement of people ended
in 1914 but remained consequential long thereafter, as emigration
had created networks, memories, and attitudes that shaped social
and political practices in Southeastern Europe long after the
emigrants had left. This book's main concern is to reconstruct the
political and socioeconomic impact of emigration on Southeastern
Europe. In contrast to migration studies' traditional focus on
immigration, this book concentrates on the sending countries. The
author provides a comparative analysis of the socioeconomic causes
and consequences of emigration and argues that migrant networks and
emulation effects were crucial for the persistence of migration
inclinations. It also brings the state back in the emigration story
and discusses political responses towards emigration by governments
in the region before 1914. Emigration policy became closely aligned
with nation-building and social engineering. These stances
continued even after emigration had subsided: interwar Yugoslavia,
which is studied in detail, tried to create a Yugoslav "diaspora"
in America by turning emigrants from its territory into expatriate
citizens. Hence, a nationalizing state exploited transnational
linkages. The book closes with the emigration policies of communist
Yugoslavia until the early 1960s,when experiments and experiences
of the government were crucial for its eventual decision to
liberalize labor migration to the West (the only communist
government to do so). A paramount reason for this was the fact that
emigrants, both as a place of memory and a source of remittances,
continued to be significant. This book therefore presents
emigration as a complex social phenomenon that requires a
multifaceted historical approach in order to reveal the effects of
migration on different temporal and spatial scales.
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