When the excavations at Pompeii were first placed on a scholarly
archaeological footing in the 19th century, brothers Fausto and
Felice Niccolini were close at hand and ready to respond. Making
use of the newly introduced technique of color lithography, they
documented the buildings, frescos, statues, as well as the most
ordinary everyday objects, of the city buried in just 24 hours by
the catastrophic eruption of Vesuvius and preserved for over 1,600
years under a mantle of volcanic ash. The Niccolinis' goal was to
illustrate all aspects of life in the antique city. Their
publication, Le case ed i monumenti di Pompei ("The Houses and
Monuments of Pompeii"), which was issued in installments between
1854 and 1896 in Naples, presented over 400 color plates providing
not only views, maps, and groundplans of the city and its public
buildings, but also offered unprecedented access to Pompeii's
private residences. They revealed the astonishing painted wall
decorations that adorned these long-buried abodes, their intricate
works of art, and the practical utensils of everyday use, conjuring
up a vivid picture of each house as a real domestic space. In
total, the plates illustrated more than 1,000 items, each
extensively specified and located for the first time, making the
publication a major reference in Pompeii research. In addition,
"animated" representations visualized daily life in Pompeii's
workshops, taverns, and shops, on its public squares, and in its
temples, theaters, and baths. This meticulous facsimile revives the
Niccolinis' extraordinary achievement with all color plates and two
introductory essays setting the project in its contemporary context
and presenting the historical protagonists of the Vesuvian
excavations. In addition, we explore the remarkable influence
exerted by Pompeian art-and by the haunting plaster casts made of
victims of the eruption-on the visual arts. Across painting,
sculpture, and interior design, we trace the Pompeii legacy in the
work of Robert Adam, Anton Raphael Mengs, Angelika Kaufmann,
Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, Lawrence Alma-Tadema, Pablo Picasso,
and Giorgio de Chirico, right through to recent masters Duane
Hanson and George Segal.
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