Experts from diverse fields, including artificial life, cognitive
science, economics, developmental and evolutionary biology, and the
arts, discuss modularity. Modularity-the attempt to understand
systems as integrations of partially independent and interacting
units-is today a dominant theme in the life sciences, cognitive
science, and computer science. The concept goes back at least
implicitly to the Scientific (or Copernican) Revolution, and can be
found behind later theories of phrenology, physiology, and
genetics; moreover, art, engineering, and mathematics rely on
modular design principles. This collection broadens the scientific
discussion of modularity by bringing together experts from a
variety of disciplines, including artificial life, cognitive
science, economics, evolutionary computation, developmental and
evolutionary biology, linguistics, mathematics, morphology,
paleontology, physics, theoretical chemistry, philosophy, and the
arts. The contributors debate and compare the uses of modularity,
discussing the different disciplinary contexts of "modular
thinking" in general (including hierarchical organization,
near-decomposability, quasi-independence, and recursion) or of more
specialized concepts (including character complex, gene family,
encapsulation, and mosaic evolution); what modules are, why and how
they develop and evolve, and the implication for the research
agenda in the disciplines involved; and how to bring about useful
cross-disciplinary knowledge transfer on the topic. The book
includes a foreword by the late Herbert A. Simon addressing the
role of near-decomposability in understanding complex systems.
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