The horrors of the Great Famine (1315-1322), one of the severest
catastrophes ever to strike northern Europe, lived on for centuries
in the minds of Europeans who recalled tales of widespread hunger,
class warfare, epidemic disease, frighteningly high mortality, and
unspeakable crimes. Until now, no one has offered a perspective of
what daily life was actually like throughout the entire region
devastated by this crisis, nor has anyone probed far into its
causes. Here, the distinguished historian William Jordan provides
the first comprehensive inquiry into the Famine from Ireland to
western Poland, from Scandinavia to central France and western
Germany. He produces a rich cultural history of medieval community
life, drawing his evidence from such sources as meteorological and
agricultural records, accounts kept by monasteries providing for
the needy, and documentation of military campaigns. Whereas there
has been a tendency to describe the food shortages as a result of
simply bad weather or else poor economic planning, Jordan sets the
stage so that we see the complex interplay of social and
environmental factors that caused this particular disaster and
allowed it to continue for so long.
Jordan begins with a description of medieval northern Europe at
its demographic peak around 1300, by which time the region had
achieved a sophisticated level of economic integration. He then
looks at problems that, when combined with years of inundating
rains and brutal winters, gnawed away at economic stability. From
animal diseases and harvest failures to volatile prices, class
antagonism, and distribution breakdowns brought on by constant war,
northern Europeans felt helplessly besieged by acts of an angry
God--although a cessation of war and a more equitable distribution
of resources might have lessened the severity of the food
shortages.
Throughout Jordan interweaves vivid historical detail with a
sharp analysis of why certain responses to the famine failed. He
ultimately shows that while the northern European economy did
recover quickly, the Great Famine ushered in a period of social
instability that had serious repercussions for generations to
come.
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