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Speculators in Empire - Iroquoia and the 1768 Treaty of Fort Stanwix (Paperback)
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Speculators in Empire - Iroquoia and the 1768 Treaty of Fort Stanwix (Paperback)
Series: New Directions in Native American Studies Series
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At the 1768 Treaty of Fort Stanwix, the British secured the largest
land cession in colonial North America. Crown representatives
gained possession of an area claimed but not occupied by the
Iroquois that encompassed parts of New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio,
Kentucky, and West Virginia. The Iroquois, however, were far from
naive--and the outcome was not an instance of their simply being
dispossessed by Europeans. In "Speculators in Empire," William J.
Campbell examines the diplomacy, land speculation, and empire
building that led up to the treaty. His detailed study overturns
common assumptions about the roles of the Iroquois and British on
the eve of the American Revolution.
Through the treaty, the Iroquois directed the expansion of empire
in order to serve their own needs while Crown negotiators obtained
more territory than they were authorized to accept. How did this
questionable transfer happen, who benefited, and at what cost?
Campbell unravels complex intercultural negotiations in which
colonial officials, land speculators, traders, tribes, and
individual Indians pursued a variety of agendas, each side
possessing considerable understanding of the other's expectations
and intentions.
Historians have credited British Indian superintendent Sir William
Johnson with pulling off the land grab, but Campbell shows that
Johnson was only one of many players. Johnson's deputy, George
Croghan, used the treaty to capitalize on a lifetime of scheming
and speculation. Iroquois leaders and their peoples also benefited
substantially. With keen awareness of the workings of the English
legal system, they gained protection for their homelands by opening
the Ohio country to settlement.
Campbell's navigation of the complexities of Native and British
politics and land speculation illuminates a time when regional
concerns and personal politicking would have lasting consequences
for the continent. As "Speculators in Empire" shows, colonial and
Native history are unavoidably entwined, and even
interdependent.
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