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Books > Science & Mathematics > Biology, life sciences > Biochemistry > Toxicology (non-medical)
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Principles and Methods for Assessing Direct Immunotoxicity Associated with Exposure to Chemicals (Paperback)
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Principles and Methods for Assessing Direct Immunotoxicity Associated with Exposure to Chemicals (Paperback)
Series: Environmental Health Criteria, No. 180.
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A comprehensive guide to general strategies and specific methods
for testing the immunotoxicity of chemicals in animal models and
humans. Addressed to those seeking a basic introduction to the
field as well as specialist researchers the book takes its focus
from growing concern in scientific and public communities about the
capacity of environmental agents to disrupt normal immune functions
and thus increase susceptibility to tumours and infectious
diseases. Compounds known to adversely affect the immune system are
numerous and include drugs pesticides solvents halogenated and
aromatic hydrocarbons and metals. The book draws on considerable
recent progress in understanding the immunological consequences of
chemical insults as well as increasingly sophisticated
methodologies for assessing such effects. Close to 1000 references
are included in this authoritative guide. The book opens with a
detailed basic introduction to immunotoxicology. An extensive
explanation of the function histophysiology and pathophysiology of
the immune system emphasizes features that can aid the
understanding and interpretation of the pathological changes caused
by immunotoxic insults. Chapter two on the health impact of
selected immunotoxic agents gives illustrative examples for some 30
chemicals that have been shown to exert immunotoxic effects in
laboratory animals and for an additional seven groups of chemicals
known to disturb immune functions in humans. For each brief
discussions illustrate the chemical's distinct immunosuppressive
properties and the mechanisms by which it exerts its toxic effects
on the immune system. Chapter three provides detailed descriptions
of a number of tests used in a tiered approach to the assessment of
immunotoxicity. Against this background specific nonfunctional and
functional tests for the assessment of immunotoxicology in
experimental animals are presented and explained in full detail.
Information on individual tests includes an explanation of why the
test is important the types of data it can yield and exactly how it
should be performed. Also included are sections offering advice on
assessments in non-rodent species "in vitro "approaches and
approaches using biomarkers in epidemiological studies and
monitoring. The chapter concludes with a discussion of good
laboratory practices for immunotoxicology studies and procedures
for the validation of tests. Chapter five explains the much more
complicated procedures needed to assess immunotoxicity in humans.
An explanation of general questions to be considered when designing
epidemiological studies is followed by presentation of three
recommended testing schemes proposed by WHO and other agencies for
preliminary evaluation of individuals exposed to immunotoxicants.
Specific assays for assessing immune status are also described. The
final chapter outlines a step-by-step process of risk assessment
specific to the evaluation of potentially immunotoxic chemicals.
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