Even to the casual observer of the automotive industry, it is clear
that driving in the 21st century will be radically different from
driving as we know it today. Significant advances in diverse
technologies such as digital maps, communication links, processors,
image processing, chipcards, traffic management, and vehicle
positioning and tracking, are enabling extensive development of
intelligent transport systems (ITS). Proponents of ITS view these
technologies as freeing designers to re-define the role and
function of transport in society and to address the urgent problems
of congestion, pollution, and safety. Critics, on the other hand,
worry that ITS may prove too complex, too demanding, and too
distracting for users, leading to loss of skill, increased
incidence of human error, and greater risk of accidents.
The role of human factors is widely acknowledged to be critical to
the successful implementation of such technologies. However, too
little research is directed toward advancing the science of
human-ITS interaction, and too little is published which is useful
to system designers. This book is an attempt to fill this critical
gap. It focuses on the intelligent driver interface (IDI) because
the ergonomics of IDI design will influence safety and usability
perhaps more than the technologies which underlie it.
The chapters cover a broad range of topics, from cognitive
considerations in the design of navigation and route guidance, to
issues associated with collision warning systems, to monitoring
driver fatigue. The chapters also differ in intent -- some provide
design recommendations while others describe research findings or
new approaches for IDI research and development. Based in part on
papers presented at a symposium on the ergonomics of in-vehicle
human systems held under the auspices of the 12th Congress of the
International Ergonomics Association, the book provides an
international perspective on related topics through inclusion of
important contributions from Europe, North America, and Japan.
Many of the chapters discuss issues associated with navigation and
route guidance because such systems are the most salient and
arguably the most complex examples of IDI. However, the findings
and research methodologies are relevant to other systems as well,
making this book of interest to a wide audience of researchers,
design engineers, transportation authorities, and academicians
involved with the development or implementation of ITS.
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