Fiber-reinforced composites are exceptionally versatile materials whose properties can be tuned to exhibit a variety of favorable properties such as high tensile strength and resistance against wear or chemical and thermal influences. Consequently, these materials are widely used in various industrial fields such as the aircraft, marine, and automobile industry. After an overview of the general structures and properties of hybrid fiber composites, the book focuses on the manufacturing and processing of these materials and their mechanical performance, including the elucidation of failure mechanisms. A comprehensive chapter on the modeling of hybrid fiber composites from micromechanical properties to macro-scale material behavior is followed by a review of applications of these materials in structural engineering, packaging, and the automotive and aerospace industries.

This insightful book offers practical advice to fieldworkers in social research, enabling robust and judicious applications of research methods and techniques in data collection. It also outlines data collection challenges that are commonly faced when working in the field. Authors address key strategies to tackle the major challenges to fieldwork, including advice on using indigenous or innovative skills and making intelligent use of the advantages already available within standard research methodologies. International contributors provide a hands-on account of research methodologies as applied in the field, with particular focus on research ethics and community culture and interactions. The book offers a number of useful case studies, featuring examples of the application of research techniques in different cultural and socio-economic contexts. Utilizing an innovative and dynamic 'storytelling' method, this book will be a useful research tool for fieldworkers engaging in social science research in community settings, as well as students in the field learning the core techniques of fieldwork.

The series was written to be aligned with CAPS. A possible work schedule has been included. Each topic start with an overview of what is taught, and the resources you need. There is advice on pave-setting to assist you in completing the work for the year on time. Advice on how to introduce concepts and scaffold learning is given for every topic. All the answers have been given to save you time doing the exercises yourself. Also included are a full-colour poster and CD filled with resources to assist you in your teaching and assessment.

Spesifiek geskryf om aan al die vereistes van die nasionale Kurrikulum- en Assessering beleidsverklaring (KABV) te voldoen. Sleutelterme word in rooi gedruk as dit vir die eerste keer verskyn. ’n Lys van hierdie terme word ook in rooi aan die begin van elke eenheid of hoofstuk gelys. Nuwe woorde is in blou en word in die kantlyn verduidelik. Aktiwiteite help leerders om te verstaan wat hulle geleer het. 'n Opsomming aan die einde van elke onderwerp help leerders studeer. Die Formele Assesserings taak (FAT) blokkie bevat take wat leerders voorberei vir die wat in die klas voltooi moet word. Vrae aan die einde van elke onderwerp help leerders met hersiening. ‘n Voorbeeld van ‘n eksamenvraestel aan die einde van die boek sal leerders ook help oefen en leer oor alles wat hulle nodig het om te weet.

Die reeks is volgens die Nasionale Kurrikulum- en Assesserings beleidsverklaring (“CAPS”) geskryf. ’n Moontlike werkskedule is ingesluit. Elke hoofstuk begin met ’n oorsig van wat onderrig word en die hulpbronne wat jy benodig. Daar is advies oor die voorgestelde pas wat jou sal help om die hele jaar se werk betyds af te handel. Ons gee by elke onderwerp raad oor hoe om konsepte bekend te stel en hoe om leerders met steierwerk voor te berei en te ondersteun. Al die antwoorde word gegee; jy bespaar dus tyd omdat jy nie die oefeninge self hoef uit te werk nie. ’n Volkleurplakkaat en ’n CD propvol hulpbronne is ook ingesluit om jou met onderrig en assessering te help. Addisionele voorbeeldvrae, toetse of assesserings take, wat jy kan kopieer, sal jou help om jou leerders effektief te assesseer.

Is the first volume devoted entirely to stochastic inverse problems. Includes survey articles which makes it self-contained. Aimed at a diverse audience, including applied mathematicians, engineers, economists, and professionals from academia. Includes the most recent developments on the subject, which so far have only been available in the research literature.

Features First book on uncertainty quantification in variational inequalities emerging from various network, economic, and engineering models. Completely self-contained and lucid in style Aimed for a diverse audience including applied mathematicians, engineers, economists, and professionals from academia Includes the most recent developments on the subject which so far have only been available in the research literature.

Artemisia annua is a well-known medicinal plant that has been utilized for a number of purposes, including malaria, for centuries. This is the first comprehensive book to cover the importance of Artemisia annua in the global health crisis and in the treatment against diseases. A component and extract, artemisinin, is the source of other derivatives which are also suitable for pharmaceutical use. The present demand for artemisinin far outpaces its supply. Researchers are working globally towards improving artemisinin content in the plant by various means. Artemisia annua: Prospects, Applications and Therapeutic Uses highlights the different approaches, including 'omics', that are being used in current research on this immensely important medicinal plant. Providing comprehensive coverage of the agricultural and pharmaceutical uses of this plant, Artemisia annua will be essential reading for botanists, plant scientists, herbalists, pharmacognosists, pharmacologists and natural product chemists.

This book contains the latest advances in variational analysis and set / vector optimization, including uncertain optimization, optimal control and bilevel optimization. Recent developments concerning scalarization techniques, necessary and sufficient optimality conditions and duality statements are given. New numerical methods for efficiently solving set optimization problems are provided. Moreover, applications in economics, finance and risk theory are discussed. Summary The objective of this book is to present advances in different areas of variational analysis and set optimization, especially uncertain optimization, optimal control and bilevel optimization. Uncertain optimization problems will be approached from both a stochastic as well as a robust point of view. This leads to different interpretations of the solutions, which widens the choices for a decision-maker given his preferences. Recent developments regarding linear and nonlinear scalarization techniques with solid and nonsolid ordering cones for solving set optimization problems are discussed in this book. These results are useful for deriving optimality conditions for set and vector optimization problems. Consequently, necessary and sufficient optimality conditions are presented within this book, both in terms of scalarization as well as generalized derivatives. Moreover, an overview of existing duality statements and new duality assertions is given. The book also addresses the field of variable domination structures in vector and set optimization. Including variable ordering cones is especially important in applications such as medical image registration with uncertainties. This book covers a wide range of applications of set optimization. These range from finance, investment, insurance, control theory, economics to risk theory. As uncertain multi-objective optimization, especially robust approaches, lead to set optimization, one main focus of this book is uncertain optimization. Important recent developments concerning numerical methods for solving set optimization problems sufficiently fast are main features of this book. These are illustrated by various examples as well as easy-to-follow-steps in order to facilitate the decision process for users. Simple techniques aimed at practitioners working in the fields of mathematical programming, finance and portfolio selection are presented. These will help in the decision-making process, as well as give an overview of nondominated solutions to choose from.

This book contains the latest advances in variational analysis and set / vector optimization, including uncertain optimization, optimal control and bilevel optimization. Recent developments concerning scalarization techniques, necessary and sufficient optimality conditions and duality statements are given. New numerical methods for efficiently solving set optimization problems are provided. Moreover, applications in economics, finance and risk theory are discussed. Summary The objective of this book is to present advances in different areas of variational analysis and set optimization, especially uncertain optimization, optimal control and bilevel optimization. Uncertain optimization problems will be approached from both a stochastic as well as a robust point of view. This leads to different interpretations of the solutions, which widens the choices for a decision-maker given his preferences. Recent developments regarding linear and nonlinear scalarization techniques with solid and nonsolid ordering cones for solving set optimization problems are discussed in this book. These results are useful for deriving optimality conditions for set and vector optimization problems. Consequently, necessary and sufficient optimality conditions are presented within this book, both in terms of scalarization as well as generalized derivatives. Moreover, an overview of existing duality statements and new duality assertions is given. The book also addresses the field of variable domination structures in vector and set optimization. Including variable ordering cones is especially important in applications such as medical image registration with uncertainties. This book covers a wide range of applications of set optimization. These range from finance, investment, insurance, control theory, economics to risk theory. As uncertain multi-objective optimization, especially robust approaches, lead to set optimization, one main focus of this book is uncertain optimization. Important recent developments concerning numerical methods for solving set optimization problems sufficiently fast are main features of this book. These are illustrated by various examples as well as easy-to-follow-steps in order to facilitate the decision process for users. Simple techniques aimed at practitioners working in the fields of mathematical programming, finance and portfolio selection are presented. These will help in the decision-making process, as well as give an overview of nondominated solutions to choose from.

Phytotechnologies: Remediation of Environmental Contaminants highlights the use of natural and inherent traits of plants and associated microbes to exclude, accumulate, or metabolize a variety of contaminants, with the goal of efficiently and sustainably decontaminating the biosphere from unwanted hazardous compounds. Contributed by an international team of authors, the book ensures a balance between theory and practice without compromising the basic conceptual framework of Phytotechnologies. Divided into three major sections, the book: Introduces contaminants and contaminated sites, and also highlights the significance of genus Brassica and vetiver grass species for varied environmental contaminants' remediation Presents an exhaustive exploration of potential strategies for enhancing plants and associated microbes-mediated environmental contaminants' remediation Overviews major physiological, biochemical, and genetic-molecular mechanisms responsible for plant tolerance and adaptation to varied environmental contaminants A one-stop source of cutting edge answers and time-saving access, Phytotechnologies: Remediation of Environmental Contaminants is a common platform for engineers, environmental microbiologists, plant physiologists, and molecular biologists with the common aim of sustainable solutions to vital environmental issues. In short, the book provides a conceptual overview of ecosystems approaches and phytotechnologies, and their cumulative significance in relation to various environmental problems and potential solutions.

This book is the only up-to-date book of its kind that will provide an introduction to franchising, its pros and cons, and other aspects pertinent to restaurant franchises. It is the only guide to franchising written exclusively for food service professionals and is an indispensable resource for anyone wishing to break into one of today's most dynamic service industries. Since the late 1800s, when the idea was first conceived, the restaurant franchise has become a worldwide phenomenon. Opportunities abound for restaurateurs and food service professionals with the know-how to dive into and stay afloat in the growing, ever-changing sea of franchise operations. With the help of vignettes and case histories, this completely updated new edition to Restaurant Franchising explains operate a successful franchise, from developing a winning franchise concept to demystifying the legal intricacies of franchise agreements. Topics include: What is franchising? Franchising pros and cons Selecting the franchise that fits your style and goals Finding financial backing Understanding franchise agreements State franchise rules and regulations Developing healthy franchisor/franchisee relationships International franchising Unconventional franchises This book is suitable for classroom use, and an accompanying online instructor's manual is available as a teaching resource for instructors. It includes a template of a syllabus to fit one semester within an academic calendar, and each chapter's contents are highlighted starting with the chapter's objectives. Objectives are designed so that after reading and studying each chapter, the student should be able to complete specific knowledge components. Key teaching elements and points are listed for each chapter, with special emphasis on definitions and terminology. References and other sources for further information are also provided. At the end of each chapter within this book, there is a case study, for which discussion questions are listed. Possible topics for class assignments and field studies are suggested in the instructor's manual. In addition, almost 200 PowerPoint slides are provided for each chapter. Overall this manual is designed to provide teaching aids that will help in making lectures a more productive, interactive, and interesting learning experience for students. Readers will get practical, first-hand information that will be extremely useful to hospitality academicians and students, as well as corporations that are franchisors and other related restaurant corporations. It will be a valuable book for entrepreneurs and those interested in owning a franchise.

Technological Interventions in Processing of Fruits and Vegetables presents a wide selection of the latest concepts in the fast-changing field of processing of fruits and vegetables (FAV). It provides key information on many new and different techniques used for processing of fruits and vegetables while also exploring the pros and cons of the various methods. There is an urgent need to explore and investigate waste in the processing of fruits and vegetables and how different processing technologies can be used most effectively. This volume, in short, conveys the key concepts and role of different technology in processing of fruits and vegetables, keeping mind the special processing requirements of fruits and vegetables, waste issues, nutritional value, and consumer concerns. This volume offers a wealth of information on today's technology for fruit and vegetable processing and will be a valuable resource for industry professionals, agricultural/food processing researchers, faculty and upper-level students, and others.

The book provides a thorough review of current food safety and sanitation information with practical applications of current research findings included. The book surveys and examines the prevailing research and applications and reviews specific operational issues such as power or water emergencies. It also covers food safety and sanitation in various environments, such as restaurants, schools, and fairs and festivals. It is multidisciplinary in that it comprises culinary, hospitality, microbiology, and operations analysis. Topics include: Importance of food safety in restaurants History of food safety regulation in restaurants Microbiological issues What happens during a restaurant food safety inspection Legislative process, regulatory trends, and associations Legal issues for food safety Differences in the food safety perception of consumers, regulatory officials, and employees What restaurants should do during power or water emergencies Front of the house sanitation and consumers' perceptions of food safety Social media and food safety risk communication Food safety in farmers' markets Food safety at fairs and festivals

Technological Interventions in Processing of Fruits and Vegetables presents a wide selection of the latest concepts in the fast-changing field of processing of fruits and vegetables (FAV). It provides key information on many new and different techniques used for processing of fruits and vegetables while also exploring the pros and cons of the various methods. There is an urgent need to explore and investigate waste in the processing of fruits and vegetables and how different processing technologies can be used most effectively. This volume, in short, conveys the key concepts and role of different technology in processing of fruits and vegetables, keeping mind the special processing requirements of fruits and vegetables, waste issues, nutritional value, and consumer concerns. This volume offers a wealth of information on today's technology for fruit and vegetable processing and will be a valuable resource for industry professionals, agricultural/food processing researchers, faculty and upper-level students, and others.

Learn to produce healthier crops and better harvests This uniquely valuable book highlights the tremendous progress of knowledge in different areas of the field over the last decade. Here you'll find new and useful information about plant molecular virology and how the field can improve the world food situation in the coming years.The last decade has seen remarkable advances in plant virological research, owing mainly to the rapid progress made in molecular biology and genetic engineering in recent years. While recombinant DNA technology has significantly contributed to our understanding of plant viruses, new findings are being accumulated every day as reported in various publications. Plant Viruses As Molecular Pathogens is the only book to bring you all of this information--22 chapters--in a single volume, compiled by specialists around the globe Use Plant Viruses As Molecular Pathogens to enhance your knowledge of: current virus taxonomy the molecular basis of virus transmission movement of plant viruses replication and gene expression of RNA/DNA viruses resistance to viruses molecular epidemiology recombination events and possible mechanisms molecular diversity novel aspects of plant virus detection technologiesWith helpful illustrations, photos, figures, models that explain viral mechanisms, and easy-to-understand reference tables, Plant Viruses As Molecular Pathogens will stimulate your thinking on this fascinating area of plant science

How can developing nations achieve cohesive national innovation systems which provide the foundations for technological progress and economic growth? In answer to this question, Technology, Development and Democracy examines the possibility of studying innovation systems using a unified approach drawing on economic, political, sociological and cultural factors and addresses the problematic concept of progress in the postmodern era. Haider Khan expresses the search for high technology as the search for 'positive feedback loop innovation systems' (POLIS). In the first part of the book the conditions for POLIS are explored both in theory and using empirical evidence. The author examines the theoretical arguments which describe an innovation system as a complex and uncertain evolutionary process. He uses empirical evidence to illustrate these arguments and examines whether South Korea's pursuit of high technology has led to the creation of a 'positive feedback loop innovation system'. The second part of the book extends the analysis of the economics of POLIS and discusses the implications of high technology systems for the polity and society at large. It also pursues some of the normative issues raised by high technology, particularly the relationship between economy and democracy. Technology, Development and Democracy will be invaluable to students and academics with an interest in economic development, technological change and political economy.

This book highlights a novel and robust platform in the form of in-situ characterization setup for creating X-ray computed tomography (XCT)-based textile material twins. In this hybrid experimental-numerical platform, XCT images of different complex fibrous reinforcements at different levels of compaction are acquired. The images are converted into computational models for resin flow simulations. The capabilities of this hybrid framework are applied to a variety of reinforcements used in liquid composite molding processes such as 2D, 3D fabrics and dry tapes. This book is a milestone in the development of virtual manufacturing protocols using material twins of textiles, providing a step closer to the digitalization of advanced composites used in manufacturing processes for industry 4.0.

The book provides a thorough review of current food safety and sanitation information with practical applications of current research findings included. The book surveys and examines the prevailing research and applications and reviews specific operational issues such as power or water emergencies. It also covers food safety and sanitation in various environments, such as restaurants, schools, and fairs and festivals. It is multidisciplinary in that it comprises culinary, hospitality, microbiology, and operations analysis. Topics include: Importance of food safety in restaurants History of food safety regulation in restaurants Microbiological issues What happens during a restaurant food safety inspection Legislative process, regulatory trends, and associations Legal issues for food safety Differences in the food safety perception of consumers, regulatory officials, and employees What restaurants should do during power or water emergencies Front of the house sanitation and consumers' perceptions of food safety Social media and food safety risk communication Food safety in farmers' markets Food safety at fairs and festivals

Proceedings of the regional symposium on water resources policy in agro-socio-economic development with the main topic of Water Resources Policy for Asia held in Dhaka, on the 4-8 August 1985.

The present edited book is an attempt to update the state of art of the knowledge on metabolism of ROS and antioxidants and their relationship in plant adaptation to abiotic stresses involving physiological, biochemical and molecular processes. The chapters are much focused on the current climate issues and how ROS metabolism can manipulate with antioxidant system to accelerate detoxification mechanism. It will enhance the mechanistic understanding on ROS and antioxidants system and will pave the path for agricultural scientists in developing tolerant crops to achieve sustainability under the changing environmental conditions. The increase in abiotic stress factors has become a major threat to sustainability of crop production. This situation has led to think ways which can help to come out with potential measures; for which it is necessary to understand the influence of abiotic stress factors on crops performance and the mechanisms by which these factors impact plants. It has now become evident that abiotic stress impacts negatively on plant growth and development at every stage of plant's life. Plants adapt to the changing environment with the adjustment at physiological, biochemical and molecular levels. The possible mechanisms involved in the negative effects of abiotic stress factors are excess production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). They alter physiological and molecular mechanisms leading to poor performance of plants. Plants however, are able to cope with these adverse effects by inducing antioxidant systems as the priority. Nevertheless, the dual role of ROS has now been ascertained which provides an evidence for regulation of plant metabolism positively on a concentration-dependent manner. Under conditions of high ROS production, the antioxidant system plays a major role in diminishing the effects of ROS. Thus, ROS production and antioxidant system are interwoven with abiotic stress conditions. The antioxidants have the capacity to hold the stability in metabolism in order to avoid disruption due to environmental disturbances.

This book studies the production of indole alkaloids in the important medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don, commonly known as periwinkle. The anticancer alkaloids, viz. vinblastine and vincristine, are mainly present in the leaves of C. roseus and inhibit the growth of cancer cells by hindering the formation of mitotic apparatus during cell division. Further, vinblastine helps increase the chance of surviving childhood leukemia while vincristine is used to treat Hodgkin's disease. Great efforts have been made to produce these alkaloids at a large scale by the culture of plant cells. In view of this worldwide demand for commercial use, this book explores how to maximize the production of anticancer alkaloids from C. roseus. This reference book will be helpful for research students, teachers, ethnobotanists, pharmacologists and herbal growers who have a strong interest in this anticancer medicinal plant of paramount importance.

This book studies the production of indole alkaloids in the important medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don, commonly known as periwinkle. The anticancer alkaloids, viz. vinblastine and vincristine, are mainly present in the leaves of C. roseus and inhibit the growth of cancer cells by hindering the formation of mitotic apparatus during cell division. Further, vinblastine helps increase the chance of surviving childhood leukemia while vincristine is used to treat Hodgkin's disease. Great efforts have been made to produce these alkaloids at a large scale by the culture of plant cells. In view of this worldwide demand for commercial use, this book explores how to maximize the production of anticancer alkaloids from C. roseus. This reference book will be helpful for research students, teachers, ethnobotanists, pharmacologists and herbal growers who have a strong interest in this anticancer medicinal plant of paramount importance.

The development of miniaturized systems for chemical and biochemical analysis has grown to the point where lab-on-a-chip devices are now important enabling tools in a diverse array of application areas. As the size of these systems continues to shrink, details of the micro- and nanoscale phenomena associated with their construction and operation must be considered. This book focuses on materials and engineering aspects of lab-on-a-chip devices and the application of microfluidics to materials synthesis. A microfabricated fluidic system integrating biological sample treatment and detection on a single chip offers the promise of low-cost, rapid and high-performance analysis. These devices can perform high-throughput biochemical assays for drug discovery and provide portability for point-of-care diagnostics and biothreat monitoring. Topics include: frontiers in lab-on-a-chip research; materials for lab-on-a-chip; materials synthesis on chip; cell manipulation and biomimetics on chip; porous materials in lab-on-a-chip; sensing and detection on chip - molecular level; sensing and detecting on chip - cells and particles; and sensing and detection on chip - DNA.