The central theme for this volume was chosen since consumers have great interest in purchasing low fat, low salt and reduced cholesterol meat, poultry and fish products. As in past volumes, experts in the field have been chosen to write chapters with emphasis on their breadth of knowl edge in each specific area. Efforts were also made to obtain authors from different countries in order to give the book a worldwide perspective. Chapter I stresses the nutritional and sensory properties that meat, poultry and fish products make to healthful diets and discusses consumer concerns about these products. Chapter 2 covers dietary recommendations in major consumer nations, along with data from food composition tables and the dietary contributions of meat, poultry and fish to meeting dietary needs. Chapter 3 discusses the labeling of low and reduced fat/salt prod ucts which, although written mainly from the US viewpoint, may serve as a model for labeling in other countries. Chapter 4 reviews the rationale for reducing fat-energy levels in muscle foods, problems encountered in their production and how these may be solved. Chapter 5 discusses the scientific basis for reducing the salt (sodium) content in food products and the health benefits derived from lowering salt intake. Methods of reducing the cholesterol content of these animal products is reviewed in Chapter 6."

Since its development by The Pillsbury Company as part of the US space program, the HACCP (hazard analysis critical control point) system has become the most important technique for the identification and prevention of foodborne biological, chemical and physical hazards in food processing. This book presents the latest information on the HACCP concept and gives practical examples of its implementation at all stages of food production and processing from the farm to the consumer. In addition, guidelines are given for the management of the HACCP system within the food industry and how it can be incorporated into a total quality management program. The role of predictive microbiology in HACCP is examined and the relationship of HACCP principles to existing and future international agreements and regulations is explained. This book is essential reading for quality control personnel, production and processing managers in the food industry, and for government regulatory officials. It will also be of great interest to academic researchers studying the microbiology and quality of meat, poultry and fish products.

The RACCP (hazard analysis critical control point) concept for food products was an outgrowth of the US space program with the demand for a safe food supply for manned space flights by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The original work was carried out by the Pillsbury Company under the direction of Roward E. Bauman, who as the author of chapter 1 describes the evolution of the RACCP system and its adaptation to foods. The second chapter discusses the adoption of RACCP principles and explains how they fit into the USDA and FDA meat, poultry and seafood inspection systems. The next chapter discusses how RACCP principles can be extended to production of meat, poultry and seafoods, a most important area involved in producing a safe food supply. Chapter 4 deals with the use of RACCP in controlling hazards encountered in slaughtering and distribution of fresh meat and poultry, while chapter 5 discusses the problem - both spoilage and hazards - involved in processing and distribution of meat, poultry and seafood products. Chapter 6 covers the entire area of fish and seafoods, including both fresh and processed products from the standpoints of spoilage and hazards.

The theme for this volume was chosen because no previous book has discussed the quality attributes of meat, poultry and fish and the methods that can be utilized for their measurement. The topics are not only timely but of great importance. Chapter I provides an introduction to the topic and presents a brief overview of the subject to be discussed. The next two chapters review information on the importance of color and some color problems in muscle foods, and explains the basis of color vision and perception of color before describing the methods that may be used for its measure ment. The following chapter discusses water binding and juiciness and their importance, while Chapter 5 provides the first intensive modern review on measurement of juiciness that has been published (to the knowledge of the author and editors). Chapter 6 reviews the physiology and psychology of flavor and aroma, which serves as a background for further discussion on the flavor and aroma of foods. The next chapter discusses the chemistry of flavor and aroma in muscle foods, while measurement of flavor and aroma are covered in Chapter 8. Chapter 9 reviews the species-specific meat flavors and aromas. Chapter 10 reviews some flavor and aroma problems in muscle foods and their measurement.

Inedible meat, poultry and fish by-products are major contributors to the profitability of the slaughterers and processors of all types of muscle food. Although the by-products per se make important economic contributions to the productivity of the industries, their importance varies widely between classes and for different species. As important as this may be, the utilization of the otherwise waste by-products has become even more crucial from the standpoint of protecting the environment. Hence, the editors decided that a book dealing with inedible meat, poultry and fish by-products would be useful not only to slaughterers and processors, but also to those involved in research and teaching. Focusing on the advan tages of the useful inedible products and methods involved in their pro duction could very well lead to new and better uses for by-products as well as in improving the environment. As in past volumes of this series, the authors are leaders in their respective fields of discussion. Their expertise provides not only a back ground on present industrial practices but also areas and means for improving the production of by-products.

The Advances in Meat Research series has arisen from a perceived need for a comprehensive coverage of certain topics that are pertinent to meat and meat products. We, the editors, have made the decision to concentrate on a series of related topics that are deemed to be impor tant to an understanding of meat, both fresh and processed. It is our sincere hope that by focusing upon areas related to meat science that researchers who contribute to this volume can not only update those involved in academia and industry but also promulgate facts that may lead to solutions of meat industry problems and aid in improving the efficiency of various associated industrial processes. We have chosen to devote Volume 1 to electrical stimulation in view of the widespread interest in its meat industry applications. Although the classical study by A. Harsham and Fred Deatherage was published in 1951, it was not accepted by the meat industry owing to a number of factors that are discussed in the text. These investigators did, however, lay the groundwork for modern electrical stimulation of carcasses by their detailed studies on the effects of varying current, voltage, fre quency, wave forms, and time. The basic information provided by these workers saved a great amount of experimentation by those who subse quently "rediscovered" electrical stimulation."

Processed Meats, Third Edition reflects the changes taking place in the meat processing industry. This updated edition provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles and practices involved in processing meat and poultry into consumer products. The volume covers a range of topics, from the economics of processing to the industry's recent trends and new developments, including new chapters on spices and low fat processed meat. This current edition includes the composition and nutritive value of raw materials and processed meats, various curing agents, methods of curing, smoking, and industry adaptations influenced by consumer demands for convenience and healthy products. While the majority of this work addresses various meat products, such as sausages, canned meat, sectioned and formed meats, cured and smoked products, and restructured meat products, the volume also discusses operations and formulations. Processed Meats, Third Edition is a unique and valuable text for undergraduate students. In addition, professionals in the meat and poultry industries will benefit from the current information found in this new, single-source guide.

This third edition has been extensively revised with new and updated information. In addition, two new chapters have been added: Chapter 12, "Herbs, Spices, and Condiments" covering their uses in processed meat and poultry products, and Chapter 14, "Low Fat and Reduced Fat Meat Products," which discusses the demand for such products with emphasis on the principles involved in production and examples of formulations. The book, as with the two previous editions, is intended as a text for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students interested in meat processing. It is also expected that it will prove useful as a reference for industry and for governmental researchers associated with the meat and poultry industries. A.M. Pearson T.A. Gillett xi 1 Introduction to Meat Processing Meat processing as discussed in this text includes all processes utilized in altering fresh meat except for simple grinding, cutting, and mixing. In the broadest sense, this includes curing, smoking, canning, cooking, freezing, dehydration, production of intermediate-moisture products, and the use of certain additives such as chemicals and enzymes. This definition excludes cutting, grinding, and packaging of fresh meat in retail stores and in homes. In this way, the definition differentiates between (1) those processes that enter into the preservation and manufacture of meat products, and (2) those that alter the form of fresh meat in preparation for consumption.

The central theme for this volume was chosen since consumers have great interest in purchasing low fat, low salt and reduced cholesterol meat, poultry and fish products. As in past volumes, experts in the field have been chosen to write chapters with emphasis on their breadth of knowl edge in each specific area. Efforts were also made to obtain authors from different countries in order to give the book a worldwide perspective. Chapter I stresses the nutritional and sensory properties that meat, poultry and fish products make to healthful diets and discusses consumer concerns about these products. Chapter 2 covers dietary recommendations in major consumer nations, along with data from food composition tables and the dietary contributions of meat, poultry and fish to meeting dietary needs. Chapter 3 discusses the labeling of low and reduced fat/salt prod ucts which, although written mainly from the US viewpoint, may serve as a model for labeling in other countries. Chapter 4 reviews the rationale for reducing fat-energy levels in muscle foods, problems encountered in their production and how these may be solved. Chapter 5 discusses the scientific basis for reducing the salt (sodium) content in food products and the health benefits derived from lowering salt intake. Methods of reducing the cholesterol content of these animal products is reviewed in Chapter 6."