In the third volume of the Handbook of Research in Entrepreneurship Education leading international scholars explore the unique characteristics and rich variety of research in entrepreneurship education. They adopt several different perspectives, focusing on key issues and significant developments in the field. This important Handbook takes an international perspective on entrepreneurship education. The contributors highlight the contextual dimension of entrepreneurship education and training, and provide strong insights into how researchers and educators can learn from international practice diversity. The volume covers a wide variety of pedagogical objectives and settings in entrepreneurship education while providing a plurality of cultural and institutional points of view. Compelling and insightful, this book will prove to be of great interest to entrepreneurship researchers, academics and students wishing to understand the unique notions of entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial learning. Executives in entrepreneurship supportive structures will also find this book an invaluable resource. The companion volumes, Handbook of Research in Entrepreneurship Education, Volume 1: A General Perspective and Handbook of Research in Entrepreneurship Education, Volume 2: Contextual Perspectives study the current changes in entrepreneurship education at the paradigmatic, methodological and theoretical levels and present the importance of cultural, institutional, national and political contexts.

This timely handbook provides an empirically rigorous overview of the latest research advances on social entrepreneurship, entrepreneurs and enterprises. It incorporates seventeen original chapters on definitions, concepts, contexts and strategy as well as a critical overview and an agenda for future research in social entrepreneurship. What are the forms and manifestations of social entrepreneurship? To what extent should current developments lead to a redefinition of stakeholders' strategies and roles in the quest for better consideration of the social dimension? The highly regarded group of contributors addresses these questions in some detail. They also explore social entrepreneurship from a multicultural perspective in order to highlight the diversity of social entrepreneurship forms and practices and, from a strategic perspective, to investigate the essential role played by various actors and factors in the development of social entrepreneurship. Postgraduate students and researchers studying social entrepreneurship will find this book of great interest. Social entrepreneurs and practitioners would also benefit considerably from this enriching resource. Contributors: T.F. Barr, J. Boncler, F. Brouard, G. Cajaiba-Santana, J. Defourny, A. Fayolle, M.D. Griffiths, L. Gundry, V. Hackl, C. Hervieux, D. Hjorth, M. Hlady Rispal, J. Kickul, S. Larivet, G.A. Lichtenstein, J. Mair, H. Matlay, P. Myers, T. Nelson, R. Saner, B.R. Smith, C.E. Stevens, E. Sundin, M. Tillmar, M.-F.B. Turcotte, P. Valeau, T. Volery, L. Yiu

In this, the second volume of the Handbook of Research in Entrepreneurship Education, leading international scholars highlight the unique characteristics and rich variety of research in entrepreneurship education. They adopt several different perspectives, focusing on key issues and significant developments in the field, and highlighting emergent new insights. The 35 contributors span 11 countries and three continents, demonstrating not only the richness but also the complexity of the field in terms of culture, geography and institutional, ethical and political systems. The Handbook is intended to collectively assist entrepreneurship educators in developing new programmes and pedagogical approaches that take into account the richness and diversity of these multiple perspectives. Highlighting the unique characteristics of research in entrepreneurship education, this Handbook will be of great interest to entrepreneurship researchers, academics and students wishing to understand the unique notions of entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial learning, which are often quite distinct from current practical views. The companion volume, Handbook of Research in Entrepreneurship Education, Volume 1: A General Perspective, showcases the nature and benefits of the new wave in entrepreneurship education emerging as a result of revised academic programmes developed to reflect new forms of entrepreneurship.

Women entrepreneurs are indeed a formidable force of economic growth and social change, though we still often question the "how" and "why." For the readers who seek to understand the spectrum of gender influences in the context of entrepreneurship, Understanding Women’s Entrepreneurship in a Gendered Context: Influences and Restraints widens the contextual focus of women’s entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship research by providing powerful insights into the influences and restraints within a diverse set of gendered contexts including social, political, institutional, religious, patriarchal, cultural, family and economic, in which female entrepreneurs around the world operate their businesses. From recognition of a seventh-century businesswoman in Mecca to the construction of a gendered scientific Business Model Canvas, this collection of studies will inspire readers to think differently about theory, patriarchy, trade systems, adoption or transformation and strategies to create inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystems. In doing so, the contributing authors demonstrate not only the importance of studying the contexts in which women’s entrepreneurial activities are shaped, but also how female entrepreneurs, through their endeavours, modify these contexts. This book will be of great value to scholars, students and researchers interested in women’s entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial ecosystems, gender hierarchy and the transition to gender equality. It was originally published as a special issue of Entrepreneurship & Regional Development.

Women entrepreneurs are indeed a formidable force of economic growth and social change, though we still often question the "how" and "why." For the readers who seek to understand the spectrum of gender influences in the context of entrepreneurship, Understanding Women's Entrepreneurship in a Gendered Context: Influences and Restraints widens the contextual focus of women's entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship research by providing powerful insights into the influences and restraints within a diverse set of gendered contexts including social, political, institutional, religious, patriarchal, cultural, family and economic, in which female entrepreneurs around the world operate their businesses. From recognition of a seventh-century businesswoman in Mecca to the construction of a gendered scientific Business Model Canvas, this collection of studies will inspire readers to think differently about theory, patriarchy, trade systems, adoption or transformation and strategies to create inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystems. In doing so, the contributing authors demonstrate not only the importance of studying the contexts in which women's entrepreneurial activities are shaped, but also how female entrepreneurs, through their endeavours, modify these contexts. This book will be of great value to scholars, students and researchers interested in women's entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial ecosystems, gender hierarchy and the transition to gender equality. It was originally published as a special issue of Entrepreneurship & Regional Development.

This authoritative and comprehensive Handbook showcases the nature and benefits of the new wave in entrepreneurship education emerging as a result of revised academic programmes developed to reflect new forms of entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship as a domain of education and teaching is growing rapidly worldwide. The most efficient pedagogical, methodological and theoretical approaches to teaching and learning entrepreneurship in different settings are now highly sought after by researchers, advanced students and practitioners. This Handbook provides a one-stop source of state-of-the-art data, illustrating current conceptions of entrepreneurship education and identifying and answering critical methodological and theoretical questions. The Handbook is organized around three trends in entrepreneurship education: pedagogies, content and changes and innovation occurring within specific paradigms. It also provides several different perspectives on key issues and significant developments in the field. Highlighting the unique characteristics of research in entrepreneurship education, this Handbook will be of great interest to entrepreneurship researchers, academics and students wishing to understand the unique notions of entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial learning, which are often quite distinct from current practical views. The companion volume, Handbook of Research in Entrepreneurship Education, Volume 2: Contextual Perspectives, focuses on key issues and significant developments in the field, highlighting emergent and developing approaches.

The growth of entrepreneurship research has been accompanied by an increased convergence and institutionalization of the field. In many ways this is of course positive, but it also represents how the field has become "mainstream" with the concomitant risk that individual scholars become embedded in a culture and incentive system that emphasizes and rewards incremental research questions, while reducing the incentives for scholars to conduct challenging research. This book challenges this status quo from accepted theories, methodologies and paradigmatic assumptions, to the relevance (or lack of) for contemporary practice and the impact of key journals on scholars' directions in entrepreneurship research. An invited selection of the younger generation of scholars within the field of entrepreneurship research adopt a critical and constructive posture on what has been achieved in entrepreneurship research, the main assumptions which underly it, but also open-up new paths for creative entrepreneurship research in the future. This is a must-read for all scholars, educators and advanced students in entrepreneurship research.

Family business is the most prominent form of business organization, and its importance to the global economy cannot be under-estimated. Until recently, the impact of the family on entrepreneurial firms has been under-researched, leading to a conceptual gap between the two areas of study, and an underestimation of the contribution of family systems to entrepreneurial success. Starting from the consideration that family is an intimate and essential aspect of entrepreneurship, this book considers connections between family, family members, entrepreneurial behavior, family business, society and the economy. Bringing together a unique range of international contributions, it offers new theoretical perspectives and empirical insights as well as an in-depth consideration of the diversity of contexts and processes associated with entrepreneurship in family settings. Above all, this book opens up a comprehensive research agenda on the linkages between family, family firms and entrepreneurship and will be of interest to researchers, educators and advanced students of entrepreneurship, small firms and family business.

This book discusses paradigmatic changes in the field of entrepreneurship education in response to economic, political and social needs, and the consequential need to reassess, redevelop and renew curricula and methods used in teaching entrepreneurship. Traditional and new questions and concerns are addressed, including: * the development of business schools towards entrepreneurship education * best-practice methods of learning and teaching entrepreneurship both inside and outside the classroom * the design of effective teaching frameworks and tools * the development of entrepreneurial behaviours and attitudes in students * teaching the design and launch of new businesses. The issue of assessing the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education is also raised. A theoretical and methodological framework is used to measure the impact and effectiveness of entrepreneurship education programmes on the attitudes and behaviours of students. Now more than ever, the book argues, research in the field of entrepreneurship education has to be encouraged and facilitated, and should drive the activity of entrepreneurship education providers. As such, this fascinating book aims to provide researchers, practitioners, teachers and advanced students engaged in the field of entrepreneurship with relevant and up-to-date insights into international research programmes in entrepreneurship education.

"'Philosophy is inescapable'. This is the powerful mantra and call to action of this authoritative and informative collection of essays. Acting upon the conviction that empirical scrutiny only takes us so far in understanding the full nature of entrepreneurship, this text provides a set of thoughtful, and refreshing commentaries on the different ways in which philosophical assumptions shape entrepreneurship research. Entrepreneurship scholarship will be richer for the reading of it." Denise Elaine Fletcher, Professor of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg. "This book offers the reader a variety of philosophical ideas and approaches to spur reflection on taken for granted assumptions about what entrepreneurship is and the ways entrepreneurship scholars understand this phenomenon. The chapters in this book go beyond critiquing current ideas and perspectives, rather, the book opens up important lines of inquiry in such topic areas as: uncertainty, the imagination, social construction, critical realism, and the nature of failure. I expect that many of the insights from this book will provide directions for major avenues of entrepreneurship scholarship over the next decade. Scholars who want clues about the future direction of the entrepreneurship field would be wise to explore this book." William B. Gartner, Bertarelli Foundation Distinguished Professor of Family Entrepreneurship, Babson College, USA

This book provides new insights into how the concept of bricolage is used to foster research on social entrepreneurship. The contributors assess the relevance of the concept from a theoretical point of view, questioning the concept and its relationships with similar concepts or theories, like those of effectuation and improvisation; use the concept of bricolage to study processes by which social entrepreneurs make their business grow; and investigate the diversity of social entrepreneurial situations and, as a consequence, the variety of forms (and effects) of bricolage practices. The primary objective of this book is thus to shed light on bricolage in social entrepreneurship, especially at the intersection of different levels of analysis and in different contexts. It takes stock of existing research at the intersection of both concepts and looks at future research avenues. This book was originally published as a special issue of Entrepreneurship and Regional Development.

Entrepreneurship is a growing field of research, attracting researchers from many different disciplines including economics, sociology, psychology, and management. The concept of entrepreneurship, and research in the field, is becoming institutionalized, increasingly oriented by influential trends, theories and methods, following the mainstream and being shaped accordingly. The objective of this book is to move beyond mainstream approaches and assumptions which are dominating the field, and to raise questions about the nature and process of entrepreneurship research. Over twelve chapters, leading international thinkers in the field debate the impact and the consequences of institutionalization. Taking key research orientations including multidisciplinarity, international entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurship, and ethics, it takes a critical and constructive and sometimes controversial posture and encourages a re-examination of the way we look at the social and economic phenomenon of entrepreneurship. This book is vital reading for entrepreneurship researchers and educators, advanced students and policy-makers in Entrepreneurship, Economics, Sociology and Psychology.

The institutionalization of entrepreneurship is undeniably a good thing for the members of the research community, as it implies the legitimization of particular research topics and research practices; the emergence of norms for developing and publishing this research; and the creation of structures that provide employment opportunities and a conducive environment for pursuing research. However, we can also question if this institutionalization is such a good thing when it comes to producing critical, innovative, contextualized, and complex research or when considered from the point of view of non-academic entrepreneurship stakeholders and society in general. The objective of this book is to challenge the main research streams, theories, methods, epistemologies, assumptions and beliefs dominating the field of entrepreneurship. In order to achieve this objective, this book comprises six conceptual and empirical contributions, each one unorthodox, controversial, inspiring and challenging. This book was originally published as a special issue of Entrepreneurship and Regional Development.

Entrepreneurship is vital for companies' success, to allow them to adapt and grow in today's interlinked and turbulent business environments. Yet as they grow in size and complexity, many companies become less innovative and more rigid. The challenge of how to deal with these trends has led to the rise of the field of Corporate Entrepreneurship, looking at the development of new business ideas and opportunities within established firms. This book provides an effective entry point to Corporate Entrepreneurship as an academic field and a management practice. Corporate Entrepreneurship leads readers through an overview of real-life Corporate Entrepreneurship; the aims, organisational models, implementation and results. Covering theoretical perspectives, empirical findings and practical concerns, the book also switches between the perspective of the individual and the organisation. Written by two specialists of the discipline, the book includes a wealth of real-life case studies, covering over three decades of Corporate Entrepreneurship practices, by companies of all sizes, geographies and sectors. With coverage of such topics as Internal Corporate Venturing and Participative Innovation, this thoughtful text will be required reading for entrepreneurship students around the world.

"'Philosophy is inescapable'. This is the powerful mantra and call to action of this authoritative and informative collection of essays. Acting upon the conviction that empirical scrutiny only takes us so far in understanding the full nature of entrepreneurship, this text provides a set of thoughtful, and refreshing commentaries on the different ways in which philosophical assumptions shape entrepreneurship research. Entrepreneurship scholarship will be richer for the reading of it." Denise Elaine Fletcher, Professor of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg. "This book offers the reader a variety of philosophical ideas and approaches to spur reflection on taken for granted assumptions about what entrepreneurship is and the ways entrepreneurship scholars understand this phenomenon. The chapters in this book go beyond critiquing current ideas and perspectives, rather, the book opens up important lines of inquiry in such topic areas as: uncertainty, the imagination, social construction, critical realism, and the nature of failure. I expect that many of the insights from this book will provide directions for major avenues of entrepreneurship scholarship over the next decade. Scholars who want clues about the future direction of the entrepreneurship field would be wise to explore this book." William B. Gartner, Bertarelli Foundation Distinguished Professor of Family Entrepreneurship, Babson College, USA

This book introduces the expanding European dialogue between entrepreneurship, environment and education. It considers the shape, dimensions and horizon of this multidisciplinary landscape in entrepreneurship research. The striking differences and contradictions in entrepreneurial activities, readiness and innovativeness within European countries and the proactive attitude and activities of European competitors impose a demand for a better understanding of the complex dynamics. The Dynamics between Entrepreneurship, Environment and Education reflects how the European landscape of entrepreneurship research is now more complex than ever. It presents an overview of the current state of entrepreneurship research in Europe and also reflects on the future directions of research in this field. The dynamics between entrepreneurship and society are evaluated, and the discussion is then continued from an education perspective. The authors also focus on the ability and capability of different kinds of ventures to compete in different contexts. This comprehensive overview of the current research in the field will provide academics, researchers and policy-makers with new insights through which to understand the contextual dimensions and the broadening aspects of the current state-of-the-art in European research.

Family business is the most prominent form of business organization, and its importance to the global economy cannot be under-estimated. Until recently, the impact of the family on entrepreneurial firms has been under-researched, leading to a conceptual gap between the two areas of study, and an underestimation of the contribution of family systems to entrepreneurial success. Starting from the consideration that family is an intimate and essential aspect of entrepreneurship, this book considers connections between family, family members, entrepreneurial behavior, family business, society and the economy. Bringing together a unique range of international contributions, it offers new theoretical perspectives and empirical insights as well as an in-depth consideration of the diversity of contexts and processes associated with entrepreneurship in family settings. Above all, this book opens up a comprehensive research agenda on the linkages between family, family firms and entrepreneurship and will be of interest to researchers, educators and advanced students of entrepreneurship, small firms and family business.

Entrepreneurship is a growing field of research, attracting researchers from many different disciplines including economics, sociology, psychology, and management. The concept of entrepreneurship, and research in the field, is becoming institutionalized, increasingly oriented by influential trends, theories and methods, following the mainstream and being shaped accordingly. The objective of this book is to move beyond mainstream approaches and assumptions which are dominating the field, and to raise questions about the nature and process of entrepreneurship research. Over twelve chapters, leading international thinkers in the field debate the impact and the consequences of institutionalization. Taking key research orientations including multidisciplinarity, international entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurship, and ethics, it takes a critical and constructive and sometimes controversial posture and encourages a re-examination of the way we look at the social and economic phenomenon of entrepreneurship. This book is vital reading for entrepreneurship researchers and educators, advanced students and policy-makers in Entrepreneurship, Economics, Sociology and Psychology.

Why do some individuals decide they want to create businesses and then actually do so? Why do others decide against this course of action, even though they appear to have what it takes to succeed? These two questions were among the first that researchers in the field of entrepreneurship tried to answer. Today, it seems that the problem is much more difficult to solve than it first appeared thirty years ago. The venture creation phenomenon is a complex one, covering a wide variety of situations. The purpose of this book is to improve our understanding of this complexity by offering both a theory of the entrepreneurial process and practical advice on how to start a new business and manage it effectively. Entrepreneurship and New Value Creation is a highly original, research-driven book that will appeal to graduate students, researchers and reflective practitioners concerned with the dynamics of the entrepreneurial process.

This book provides new insights into how the concept of bricolage is used to foster research on social entrepreneurship. The contributors assess the relevance of the concept from a theoretical point of view, questioning the concept and its relationships with similar concepts or theories, like those of effectuation and improvisation; use the concept of bricolage to study processes by which social entrepreneurs make their business grow; and investigate the diversity of social entrepreneurial situations and, as a consequence, the variety of forms (and effects) of bricolage practices. The primary objective of this book is thus to shed light on bricolage in social entrepreneurship, especially at the intersection of different levels of analysis and in different contexts. It takes stock of existing research at the intersection of both concepts and looks at future research avenues. This book was originally published as a special issue of Entrepreneurship and Regional Development.

The institutionalization of entrepreneurship is undeniably a good thing for the members of the research community, as it implies the legitimization of particular research topics and research practices; the emergence of norms for developing and publishing this research; and the creation of structures that provide employment opportunities and a conducive environment for pursuing research. However, we can also question if this institutionalization is such a good thing when it comes to producing critical, innovative, contextualized, and complex research or when considered from the point of view of non-academic entrepreneurship stakeholders and society in general. The objective of this book is to challenge the main research streams, theories, methods, epistemologies, assumptions and beliefs dominating the field of entrepreneurship. In order to achieve this objective, this book comprises six conceptual and empirical contributions, each one unorthodox, controversial, inspiring and challenging. This book was originally published as a special issue of Entrepreneurship and Regional Development.

Entrepreneurship is vital for companies' success, to allow them to adapt and grow in today's interlinked and turbulent business environments. Yet as they grow in size and complexity, many companies become less innovative and more rigid. The challenge of how to deal with these trends has led to the rise of the field of Corporate Entrepreneurship, looking at the development of new business ideas and opportunities within established firms. This book provides an effective entry point to Corporate Entrepreneurship as an academic field and a management practice. Corporate Entrepreneurship leads readers through an overview of real-life Corporate Entrepreneurship; the aims, organisational models, implementation and results. Covering theoretical perspectives, empirical findings and practical concerns, the book also switches between the perspective of the individual and the organisation. Written by two specialists of the discipline, the book includes a wealth of real-life case studies, covering over three decades of Corporate Entrepreneurship practices, by companies of all sizes, geographies and sectors. With coverage of such topics as Internal Corporate Venturing and Participative Innovation, this thoughtful text will be required reading for entrepreneurship students around the world.

The growth of entrepreneurship research has been accompanied by an increased convergence and institutionalization of the field. In many ways this is of course positive, but it also represents how the field has become "mainstream" with the concomitant risk that individual scholars become embedded in a culture and incentive system that emphasizes and rewards incremental research questions, while reducing the incentives for scholars to conduct challenging research. This book challenges this status quo from accepted theories, methodologies and paradigmatic assumptions, to the relevance (or lack of) for contemporary practice and the impact of key journals on scholars' directions in entrepreneurship research. An invited selection of the younger generation of scholars within the field of entrepreneurship research adopt a critical and constructive posture on what has been achieved in entrepreneurship research, the main assumptions which underly it, but also open-up new paths for creative entrepreneurship research in the future. This is a must-read for all scholars, educators and advanced students in entrepreneurship research.

Today, far-reaching technological developments are making a deep impact on societies and economic environments worldwide. New digital platforms infrastructure (fintech, data analytics, mobility, mobile business apps, nanotech, robotics, new space economy, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, cryptocurrencies, the internet of things, cloud computing and blockchain) are drawing us inexorably into a new globalized digital economy based on knowledge and mobility. In this context of fast-paced change, new creative industries, still in a state of flux, have arisen, while others have disappeared, at least in their traditional form. Moreover, the intermixing of these new technologies has led to a redrawing of boundaries and an increase in their porosity thanks to the links that have developed between the new and the traditional industries. This extends the limits of entrepreneurship out towards new industries but also towards industries with high barriers to entry due to regulatory, technological or structural factors such as space, finance, aeronautics, IT hardware and health industries. For a growing number of people, these new technologies, considered as "external enablers", lead to a democratization of entrepreneurship and a lowering of the barriers to starting up a company by reducing (or eliminating) the difficulties inherent in the entrepreneurial phenomenon in its "classical" configuration, such as high resource intensity, uncertainty, limited time or information asymmetry. This new context, by offering new spaces for the creation, identification and exploitation of business opportunities, clearly extends the range of possibilities for a discipline such as entrepreneurship. In addition, digitalization has helped to break down the boundaries between the different phases of the entrepreneurial process. Few studies in the discipline, however, have examined the impact of these technological disruptions not only using the existing paradigms, but also by re-examining our very conception of the entrepreneurial phenomenon in terms of its evolving nature and shifting contours. The aim of this handbook is that can be used both by academics aiming to familiarize themselves with the state of research and theory within topics and subtopics in digital entrepreneurship, as well as practicing entrepreneurs and managers aiming to familiarize themselves with leading edge practices and insights in digital entrepreneurship.

This monograph offers a model and examples of relevant relationships to show how the complexity of family entrepreneurship could be disentangled in order to generate interesting research questions. The main focus will be on nexus where a loci affects entrepreneurial behaviours of another loci, with less focus on the reverse causality effects even if we acknowledge their presence and importance.