This book contains selected papers first presented at the "Canada-United States Business Conference" held at the Kelley School of Business, Indiana University, on April 11-12, 2003.
The set of 18 chapters in this book are grouped into three major sections. Part I deals with regional economic integration in North America, including papers on the strategies of multinational enterprises and exporting firms. In Part II, five chapters deal with financial integration in North America and the issues of a common currency. Finally, specific industry sectors and issues of public policy across the Canada-U.S. border are examined in Part III. They include: - agriculture; softwood lumber; transportation; and electricity.
Key issues of current interest and concern examined include: - cross border trade and security - of particular importance in the post-9/11 environment; NAFTA at age ten; and the impact of the Free Trade of the Americas (FTAA) on NAFTA; the FTAA and civil society. Key policy areas discussed included regulation, labor mobility, productivity, and specific sectoral issues (energy, transportation, etc.). In addition to this examination of key research issues, authors also explore managerial and public policy implications of their findings.

The focus of this volume is the phenomenon of globalization, and specifically its relevance to and impact on small business and entrepreneurship. The works presented here stem from a pioneering, three day conference held at McGill University in Montreal, Canada, under the joint auspices of McGill's Centre for International Business Studies, and the Dobson Centre for Entrepreneurial Studies. Leading international scholars came together to begin integrating research in what had previously been from widely divergent fields.

The book presents four sections covering: theoretical overviews of the emerging field of international entrepreneurship; the use of alliances and networks to facilitate the entry of small businesses into the global arena; the results of three empirically based research studies designed to better understand the market forces and managerial characteristics which appear to underlie the success of SME's in the global arena; and visionary contributions on forces which will shape the successful international firm of the future. The diversity reflected in this volume and the common thread which unites the work calls for new strategic approaches by small firms, large firms, and governments alike. This work will help readers to better understand and anticipate the dramatic changes coming, and to design appropriate corporate strategic responses.

International Business education and research became institutionalized in leading US business schools in the 1960s. One of the most influential business schools and one of the first to develop a full international business department was Indiana University. In the first two sections of this book, the leadership of Indiana University in the developments in the field of international business is assessed. In subsequent parts of the book, the influence of Indiana University on the major associated fields of research and teaching (finance, marketing, and management) is assessed, and recent research themes in these fields are explored.
The book develops several overlapping themes:
- the process of internationalization within major Business Schools - the Indiana University experience as a leader in comparison to others
- the extent to which I.B.has been effectively "infused" in key functional areas of traditional business education
- the current state of knowledge about International Business research, and
- new issues in International Business research.
Parts III, IV, and V of this book extend the key theme about the historical development of international business by looking into current research areas. In Part III, the international aspects of research and teaching in marketing and finance are considered. In Part IV, several papers present state-of- the-art literature reviews and extensions of current research issues in international management strategy. In Part V, issues in global, regional and sub-national strategy are considered, several from a business economics perspective. The latter parts of the book serve to place the earlier historical discussion of IB incontext and illustrate how mature and wide-ranging the field has become over the last fifty years.

Part of a series which presents research on global strategic management, this volume focuses on the corporate response to global change. Topics discussed include strategic management and institutional dynamics, and methodological perspectives on the dynamics of national competitive advantage.

This examination of multinational location strategy focuses on the areas of economics, management and policy. It discusses issues such as regionalism and international trade; location patterns, local content rules and foreign direct investment; and, plant location in Eastern European countries.

Although many firms label themselves 'global', very few can back this up with truly global sales and operations. In The Regional Multinationals Alan Rugman examines first-hand data from multinationals and finds that most multinationals are strongly regional, with international operations in their home regions of North America, the US or Asia. Only a tiny proportion of the world's top 500 companies actually sell the same product and deliver the same services around the world. Rugman exposes the facts behind the popular myths of doing business globally, explores a variety of regional models and offers an authoritative agenda for future business strategy. The Regional Multinationals is the essential resource for all academics and students in International Business, Organization and Strategic Management, as well as those with an interest in finding out how multinationals really work in practice and how future strategy must respond.

This volume contains recent chapters dealing with empirical tests of the relationship between multinationality (M) and performance (P). This is a traditional topic in the area of international business, but recently there has been renewed interest, partly due to theoretical advances such as the regionalization thesis of Rugman and Verbeke (in contrast to the previous assumption of uniform internationalization) and partly due to better and more detailed data on the geographic dispersion of activities now available from the annual reports of large firms, most of which are multinational enterprises (MNEs).
In this literature, P, as a dependent variable, is broadly determined by the degree of multinationality, M, where M is usually proxied by the ratio of foreign (F) to total (T) sales or assets, i.e. (F/T). There is either a linear, quadratic, or cubic (S curve) fit, allowing for controls such as size of the firm; industry grouping, organizational learning effect over time, etc. Recently, this M and P literature has included regional aspects of (F/T) and performance, for example performance has looked at return on foreign assets (ROFA).
In short, new accounting standards affecting most of the world??'s MNEs now make it possible to adopt both a new dependent variable (for performance) and a new independent variable (for multinationality):
1) Performance can now capture the return on foreign assets (ROFA), not just the return on total assets (ROTA).
2) Multinationality is now available on a regional basis, i.e. the ratio of regional (R) to total (T) sales???R/T. This offers better information on the strategic performance of an MNE, in comparison to the traditional metric ofthe return of foreign-to total sales or assets???F/T.
This volume will publish 10 chapters at the forefront of research on this reinvigorated topic of the regional aspects of multinationality and performance.
Research in Global Strategic Management is now available online at ScienceDirect ??? full-text online of volumes 4 onwards.
*Provides research at the forefront of the regional aspects of multinationality and performance.
*Deals with empirical tests of the relationship between multinationality and performance.
*Considers the effect that new accounting standards for the world??'s MNEs have on multinationality and performance.

Foreign direct investment (FDI) has soared and multinational enterprises (MNEs) have grown in numbers and complexity as globalization has intensified. This volume takes stock of important new issues relating to FDI and MNEs in a changing world. Contributors are distinguished international business scholars who have written specifically for the book in their areas of expertise. The volume focuses on four key areas: How do managers and firms make internationalization decisions? How does the national origin of MNEs affect their competitive advantages and strategies, particularly those spawned by emerging markets? How is the scope of MNEs changing, in terms of what gets done inside and outside the firm, product vs. geographic diversification, manufacturing vs. services, and the pace of internationalization? And finally, what can or should governments do to harness MNEs for the greater good? In each area, authors propose interesting and important questions for further research. The volume is a Festschrift to Yair Aharoni of Tel Aviv University, whose pioneering research, including the seminal book, The Foreign Investment Decision Process (1966), helped launch the systematic study of FDI and MNEs almost fifty years ago.

At the end of the twentieth century, international business functioned in an environment dominated by the triad of economic power formed by the USA, Japan and the European Community. Multinational corporate strategies had to be formulated within the context of intense global competition between these three economic blocs. This book, first published in 1990, analyses the interplay between the trade policies adopted by the major powers and the competitive strategies of international corporations. With particular reference to trade relations between Canada and the USA, the effects of Japanese multinational dominance and the implications of European economic integration, this volume throws new light on the interaction between international business and government trade policies.

One of the reasons for the success of multinational enterprises in their ability to create in their supranational organisations "internal markets" which eliminate the imperfections of external world markets caused by tariffs on trade, restrictions on the flow of capital, information costs and so on. The method multinationals use to create and sustain internal markets is transfer pricing. Multinationals use to their advantage the difference between nominal accounting and real transfers from their head offices to a subsidiary in different countries to overcome transaction costs and restrictions on trade and capital flows. This book, first published in 1985, examines these and other aspects of multinationals' use of transfer pricing. It puts forward original thinking and research findings by leading experts in this area. Empirical results are related to the activities of multinationals in less developed countries. This volume covers the economic theories of transfer pricing, accounting and fiscal practices and implications for government policies and regulations, and will be of interest to students of economics and business studies.

At the end of the twentieth century, international business functioned in an environment dominated by the triad of economic power formed by the USA, Japan and the European Community. Multinational corporate strategies had to be formulated within the context of intense global competition between these three economic blocs. This book, first published in 1990, analyses the interplay between the trade policies adopted by the major powers and the competitive strategies of international corporations. With particular reference to trade relations between Canada and the USA, the effects of Japanese multinational dominance and the implications of European economic integration, this volume throws new light on the interaction between international business and government trade policies.

One of the reasons for the success of multinational enterprises in their ability to create in their supranational organisations "internal markets" which eliminate the imperfections of external world markets caused by tariffs on trade, restrictions on the flow of capital, information costs and so on. The method multinationals use to create and sustain internal markets is transfer pricing. Multinationals use to their advantage the difference between nominal accounting and real transfers from their head offices to a subsidiary in different countries to overcome transaction costs and restrictions on trade and capital flows. This book, first published in 1985, examines these and other aspects of multinationals' use of transfer pricing. It puts forward original thinking and research findings by leading experts in this area. Empirical results are related to the activities of multinationals in less developed countries. This volume covers the economic theories of transfer pricing, accounting and fiscal practices and implications for government policies and regulations, and will be of interest to students of economics and business studies.

The exceptional growth in the level of international business has been one of the most dramatic features of the last fifty years; in the early twenty-first century virtually all business transactions involve transnationals at some point in the value chain.
This comprehensive four volume set includes all major contributions to the field of international business. The articles collected include pioneering works by Vernon, Hymer, Dunning, Casson, Caves and Rugman that developed the early theory of the multinational enterprise, alongside more recent work by Ghoshal, Westney, Kogut, Zaheer and Birkinshaw on international management issues of organization processes and structures. The set also includes key writings in the areas of international political economy and on regional and national issues.
The set includes a new introduction by the editor and a thorough index, making it an invaluable reference tool for both academics and practitioners in the field.

As globalization explodes, so has international business scholarship. This second edition of the Oxford Handbook of International Business synthesises all the relevant literature of the last 40 years in 28 original chapters by the world's most distinguished scholars. Reflecting the changes and development in the field since the first edition this new edition has a changed structure, all the chapters have been updated to take account of the latest scholarship, and five new chapters freshly written.
The Handbook is divided into six major sections, providing comprehensive coverage of the following areas:
DT History and Theory of the Multinational Enterprise
DT The Political and Regulatory Environment
DT Strategy and International Management
DT Managing the MNE
DT Area Studies
DT Methodological Issues
These state of the art literature reviews will be invaluable references for students in business schools, social sciences, law, and area studies.

Although many firms label themselves 'global', very few can back this up with truly global sales and operations. In The Regional Multinationals Alan Rugman examines first-hand data from multinationals and finds that most multinationals are strongly regional, with international operations in their home regions of North America, the US or Asia. Only a tiny proportion of the world's top 500 companies actually sell the same product and deliver the same services around the world. Rugman exposes the facts behind the popular myths of doing business globally, explores a variety of regional models and offers an authoritative agenda for future business strategy. The Regional Multinationals is the essential resource for all academics and students in International Business, Organization and Strategic Management, as well as those with an interest in finding out how multinationals really work in practice and how future strategy must respond.

The papers in this Special Issue show that a new theory of international management built to explain regional-level strategy and structure is required. It presents different approaches that show the necessity of selectivity in internationalization on all levels of economic relations.

As globalization explodes, so has international business scholarship. This second edition of the Oxford Handbook of International Business synthesises all the relevant literature of the last 40 years in 28 original chapters by the world's most distinguished scholars. Reflecting the changes and development in the field since the first edition this new edition has a changed structure, all the chapters have been updated to take account of the latest scholarship, and five new chapters freshly written.
The Handbook is divided into six major sections, providing comprehensive coverage of the following areas:
. History and Theory of the Multinational Enterprise
. The Political and Regulatory Environment
. Strategy and International Management
. Managing the MNE
. Area Studies
. Methodological Issues
These state of the art literature reviews will be invaluable references for students in business schools, social sciences, law, and area studies.
About the Series
Oxford Handbooks in Business & Management bring together the world's leading scholars on the subject to discuss current research and the latest thinking in a range of interrelated topics including Strategy, Organizational Behavior, Public Management, International Business, and many others. Containing completely new essays with extensive referencing to further reading and key ideas, the volumes, in hardback or paperback, serve as both a thorough introduction to a topic and a useful desk reference for scholars and advanced students alike."

As globalization explodes, so does international business scholarship. This handbook synthesizes all the relevant literature of the last forty years in twenty-eight original chapters by the world's most distinguished scholars. The coverage is split into five main areas: the history and theory of the multinational enterprise; the political and policy environment of international business; strategies of multinational enterprises; financial areas of the multinational enterprise; and business systems in Asia, South America, and the transitional economies.

This book offers a fresh perspective on the role of multinational enterprises (MNEs) in development. Alan M. Rugman and Jonathan P. Doh challenge traditional assumptions about economic development and address the controversies that surround MNEs. For example, how do foreign multinationals affect overall economic growth in emerging economies, and how does this process lead to the subsequent rise of new emerging-economy MNEs? The authors focus on the mechanisms by which MNEs influence economic development. They evaluate the impact of MNEs on the processes and outcomes of development, as well as the influence of civil society, NGOs, and government policies on multinationals, especially in Asia. And they discuss the rise of emerging-economy MNEs from Asian economies, especially "yang" MNEs from China and Korea. Arriving at a far more nuanced understanding of MNEs today, the authors also offer observations about the role of multinationals in the future.