This thoroughly updated edition covers all clinical aspects of neuroinflammation. The latest developments in pathogenesis and advances in treatment are provided, along with an understanding of the immune system's role and interactions between the activated immune cells, cerebral endothelial cells, and other main components of the immune cascade. Cutting-edge and authoritative, this volume offers practitioners a valuable resource for research and clinical practice.

Inflammation is a central mechanism in many neurological diseases, including stroke, multiple sclerosis, and brain trauma as well as meningitis and contributes to the generation of pain. We are now beginning to understand the impact of the immune system on different nervous system functions and diseases, ranging from damage through tolerance to modulation and repair.

This book discusses some of the more common neuro-inflammatory diseases. Topics covered include multiple sclerosis, optic neuritis and Susac syndrome.
Comprehensive review of the latest developments in neuroinflammation
Includes contributions from leading authorities

A cutting-edge review of the fundamental biological principles underlying the more common inflammatory disorders of the nervous system. The authors provide extensive updates on the latest findings concerning the mechanisms of inflammation and introduce such new concepts and methodologies as "endothelial and leukocyte microparticles" and "gene microarray technology" to help explain important links between the central nervous system (CNS) and general inflammatory processes. Among the diseases examined from an inflammatory perspective are multiple sclerosis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, optic neuritis, transverse myelitis, CNS vasculitis, neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosis, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. The role of the immune system in neuroinflammation is also explored in such disorders as neurosarcoidois, HIV-Associated dementia, and HTLV-associated neurological disorders.

Timely diagnosis and management of neurological diseases during pregnancy poses major therapeutic challenges to neurologists and other non-neurologist health care providers. Pregnancy is a unique period in life associated with significant hormonal and other physiologic changes in female patients, which may trigger or alter the course of neurological and psychiatric disorders. In addition, many diagnostic proceduresthat can be performed in non-pregnant women are prohibited during pregnancy for safety reasons. Therapeutic decisions and management of a pregnant patient with neurological disorders heavily depends on the issue of the reasonable balance between the risks of no treatment versus active treatment for the mother and her fetus.

This book provides a review of the latest findings in this field, giving the neurologist and non-neurologist the information they need to determine the best treatment. Neurological disorders covered include multiple sclerosis, stroke and epilepsy.
Discusses how neurological disorders shouldbemanagedin a pregnant patientIncludes contributions from leading authorities"

Neuroinflammation, Second Edition, discusses the role inflammation plays in neuro-inflammatory diseases. As research in neuroinflammation has dramatically increased in recent years, this new edition covers all of the new developments and findings since the first publication nearly a decade ago. Comprehensive coverage of topics includes chapters on multiple sclerosis, optic neuritis and Susac syndrome. New chapters cover the latest research in Epilepsy and Neuroinflammation, Pediatric MS, Pediatric Lupus and Traumatic Brain Injury, amongst other topics. Inflammation is a central mechanism in many neurological diseases, including stroke, multiple sclerosis, brain trauma and meningitis, and it contributes to the generation of pain. Researchers are now beginning to understand the impact of the immune system on different nervous system functions and diseases, ranging from damage, through tolerance, and to modulation and repair.

This important subject of Diagnosis of and Treatment for Neurobehavioral manifestations of neurologic disease is directed by three leaders of this field - Dr. Alizeza Minagar, Dr. Glen Finney, and Dr. Kenneth Heilman. Topics include: Neurobehavioral testing for mental status; Behavioral neurology of vascular neurology; Alzheimer's disease; Frontotemporal dementia; Traumatic brain injury; Parkinsonian Syndromes (e.g., Parkinson's disease, Lewy body dementia, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal disease, multisystem atrophy); Behavioral neurology of multiple sclerosis and autoimmune encephalopathies; Infectious Diseases (Neuro-AIDS, Neurosyphilis, HSV); Neurobehavioral aspects of systemic disease; Neurobehavioral aspects of epilepsy; Behavioral neurology aspects of nutritional deficiencies; Neurobehavioral aspects of mitochondrial disease; and Medicinal-induced behavioral disorders.

With recent advances of modern medicine, more people reach the "elderly age" around the globe, and the number of dementia cases are ever increasing. This book is about various aspects of dementia and provides its readers with a wide range of thought-provoking sub-topics in the field of dementia. The ultimate goal of this monograph is to stimulate other physicians' and neuroscientists' interest to carry out more research projects into the pathogenesis of this devastating group of diseases.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated neurodegenerative disorder of the human central nervous system (CNS) which usually affects young adults with certain genetic backgrounds who are then exposed to certain precipitating environmental antigen(s). Despite major advances of the past two decades in understanding the pathophysiology of MS, and in spite of the introduction of new immunomodulatory and immuno-suppressive agents which may slow down disease progression and delay the onset of disability, the "cause" and the "cure" for MS remain elusive. This volume of International Review of Neurobiology focuses on MS and related disorders. The volume can be divided into various sections with the main emphasis on MS pathogenesis, clinical features and epidemiology, neuroimaging, and treatment. The ultimate goal of this book is to encourage further research into the pathogenesis of this elusive disease.

This thoroughly updated edition covers all clinical aspects of neuroinflammation. The latest developments in pathogenesis and advances in treatment are provided, along with an understanding of the immune system's role and interactions between the activated immune cells, cerebral endothelial cells, and other main components of the immune cascade. Cutting-edge and authoritative, this volume offers practitioners a valuable resource for research and clinical practice.

Multiple Sclerosis: A Mechanistic View provides a unique view of the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) and related disorders. As the only book on the market to focus on the mechanisms of MS rather than focusing on the clinical features and treatment of the disease, it describes the role of genetic and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of MS, the role of specific cells in the pathophysiology of the disease, and the pathophysiology of inflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders related to MS. The book provides discussion of neurodegeneration and neuroregeneration, two critical emerging areas of research, as well as detailed discussion of the mechanisms of action of the approved and investigational drugs for treatment of MS and the emerging role of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRI) in investigations into MS. It is the only book on the market to offer comprehensive coverage of the known mechanisms of MS and related diseases, and contains contributions from physicians and researchers who are worldwide experts in the field of study.

This issue of the Neurologic Clinics is dedicated to the cerebellum and includes articles on its functional neuroanatomy and different cerebellar pathologies. Among the various reviews contained in this issue, there are two particularly unique articles devoted to the role of the cerebellum in human cognition and psychiatric diseases. Other topics include: the Cerebellum and Sleep; Toxic-Metabolic, Nutritional, and Medicinal-Induced Disorders of Cerebellum; Multiple Sclerosis and the Cerebellum; and Infections of the Cerebellum, among others.

The Year Book of Neurology and Neurosurgery brings you abstracts of the articles that reported the year's breakthrough developments in neurology and neurosurgery, carefully selected from more than 500 journals worldwide. Expert commentaries evaluate the clinical importance of each article and discuss its application to your practice. There's no faster or easier way to stay informed Readers will find information on a range of topics, including Movement Disorders, Infectious Diseases of the Nervous System, Neoplastic Disease, Pediatric Neurology and Neurosurgery, Cerebrovascular, Neuro-oncology, and Spine. The Year Book of Neurology and Neurosurgery is published annually in June.

As a core part of the central nervous system, the spinal cord has a distinctive role in the etiology and exacerbation of common and less common neurologic disorders. This issue of Neurologic Clinics will look at the spinal cord's involvement in disorders arising generally in the CNS, as well as disorders based within the cord itself. Articles include: Spinal cord: A review of functional neuroanatomy; Infections of spinal cord; Multiple sclerosis and spinal cord; Transverse myelitis; Neuromyelitis optica; Vascular disorders of spinal cord; Spine and spinal cord trauma; Imaging of spinal cord: General principles; Toxic, nutritional, and metabolic deficiencies of spinal cord; Spinal cord: Motor neuron diseases; Spinal cord tumors: New views and future directions; Spinal cord and spasticity: A mechanistic view; Cervical spondylosis and stenosis; Autonomic nervous system disorders and spinal cord; Stiff person syndrome: What is new?; Sleep disorders in patients with spinal cord injury.

Many neurologic disorders can appear in quick and severe forms that require immediate medical attention. This issue of Neurologic Clinics features 14 articles on conditions that commonly present acutely, such as epilepsy, headache, visual loss, nervous system infections, ischemic stroke, head and spinal cord injury, and intracranial hemorrhage.

This issue of Neurologic Clinics features 17 articles that address the neurologic implications of systemic illnesses. Articles include neurologic presentations of infective endocardititis; neurologic presentations of acid-base imbalance, electrolyte abnormalities, and endocrine emergencies; neurologic presentation of renal disease; neurologic manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus in children and adults; neurologic complications of respiratory disease; neurologic presentations of nutritional deficiencies; neurologic presentations of gastrointestinal disease; neurotoxicity of radiation therapy; neurologic presentation of lyme disease and syphilis; neurologic aspects of drug abuse; neurologic manifestations of transplant complications; neurologic presentations of sarcoidosis; neurologic presentations of fungal infections; neurologic presentations of cardiac disease; neurologic presentation of AIDS; neurologic presentation of systemic vasculitis; and neurologic presentations of hepatic disease.

Multiple sclerosis [MS] is one of the most common auto-immune-mediated diseases of the human central nervous system [CNS] which affects young adults and usually causes significant neurological disability. Currently, the causes of MS are still unclear, a cure for MS remains elusive and the effectiveness of treatment varies significantly among individuals. Clinical features and neurological deficits stemming from this progressive neurological disease are diverse since MS potentially affects human CNS at all levels from brain to the end of spinal cord. The triggering event for development of MS remains unknown. Immunopathogenesis of MS involves a number of steps which include activation of peripheral leukocytes against putative CNS antigen(s), interactions of the activated leukocytes with inflamed cerebral endothelial cells, transendothelial migration of activated lymphocytes and macrophages to the CNS milieu, and further propagation of the massive immune response within the CNS. Such massive immune activation leads to loss of myelin-oligodendrocyte complex. Several immune cell types and mediators of the immune-inflammatory response actively contribute to pathogenesis of MS. Genetic factors are also believed to play a central role in the development of most forms of MS. Another important but much unrecognized and under-researched feature of MS immunopathology is "neurodegeneration." Neuronal loss and axonal degeneration are the core components of irreversible and permanent CNS atrophy and disability in MS. What we call MS in reality is a heterogeneous group of diseases and at least four distinct immunopathological subtypes of MS with dissimilar responses to therapy with immunomodulatory agents exist. MS is a clinical diagnosis, however, its diagnostic process is much facilitated by utilization of laboratory and neuroimaging studies. Present therapies of MS are either immunomodulatory agents or immunosuppressive and mainly target the peripheral immune system with the intention to ameliorate the severity of acute relapses, decrease annual relapse rate, and improve MRI lesions. Currently, much research activity is being conducted to better understand the fundamental disease mechanisms of MS and find more effective and safer treatments for this incurable disease. This book presents an overview of MS as a disease with neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative features and the authors discuss the most recent findings about MS and its treatment.

Neurologists and neuroscientists have been fascinated with the phenomenon of handedness and through the course of human history the question that why a minority of each population is left-handed and the rest right-handed has never been fully answered. An even better question is whether the brains of left-handed individuals are architected and wired different than those of the right-handers and if such fundamental anatomic and functional dissimilarities lead to the preference of left hand over the right hand. The ultimate question is that how different the brains of left-handers are from the right-handers or simply there are not many differences between the two groups. More than its or social aspects, handedness is a sophisticated subject of cognitive and behavioral neurology which leads to the even more complicated of the left hemisphere versus right hemisphere. The issue of handedness is of such importance that one is the first components of any standard neurological examination is determination of the handedness with the idea of determining which hemisphere is dominant. In the present book, Noroozian and her colleagues explore the under-explored and fascinating world of handedness and attempt to utilize the concept of handedness and the mechanisms responsible for becoming right-handed versus left-handed as a bridge to better understand the phenomenon of laterality of human brain. The authors of this easily readable and easy-to-understand monograph review the latest findings concerning handedness and human brain asymmetry. This interesting book can serve as a great resource for clinical psychologists, neurologists, neuroscientists, cognitive neurologists and psychiatrists.