The workshop Production-Comprehension Asymmetries in Child Language held in Osnabruck in 2009 is the starting point for this book. The workshop developed from the observation that children's production skills appear to precede their comprehension skills in a number of phenomena, e.g. pronouns or negation. The volume provides cross-linguistic evidence for such asymmetric development and investigates grammatical and methodical explanations of the observed asymmetries.

Adaptations of canonical texts have played an important role throughout the history of children's literature and have been seen as an active and vital contributing force in establishing a common ground for intercultural communication across generations and borders. This collection analyses different examples of adapting canonical texts in or for children's literature encompassing adaptations of English classics for children and young adult readers and intercultural adaptations of children's classics across Europe. The international contributors assess both historical and transcultural adaptation in relation to historically and regionally contingent concepts of childhood. By assessing how texts move across age-specific or national borders, they examine the traces of a common literary and cultural heritage in European children's literature.

Through case studies from diverse fields of cultural studies, this collection examines how different constructions of identity were mediated in England during the long eighteenth century. While the concept of identity has received much critical attention, the question of how identities were mediated usually remains implicit. This volume engages in a critical discussion of the connection between historically specific categories of identity determined by class, gender, nationality, religion, political factions and age, and the media available at the time, including novels, newspapers, trial reports, images and the theatre. Representative case studies are the arrival of children's literature as a genre, the creation of masculine citizenship in Defoe's novels, the performance of gendered and national identities by the actress Kitty Clive or in plays by Henry Fielding and Richard Sheridan, fashion and the public sphere, the emergence of the Whig and Tory parties, the radical culture of the 1790s, and visual representations of domestic and imperial landscape. Recognizing the proliferation of identities in the epoch, these essays explore the ways in which different media determined constructions of identity and were in turn shaped by them.

Shedding light on an important and neglected topic in childhood studies, Anja MA1/4ller interrogates how different concepts of childhood proliferated and were construed in several important eighteenth-century periodicals and satirical prints. MA1/4ller focuses on The Tatler, The Spectator, The Guardian, The Female Tatler, and The Female Spectator, arguing that these periodicals contributed significantly to the construction, development, and popularization of childhood concepts that provided the basis for later ideas such as the 'Romantic child'. Informed by the theoretical concept of 'framing', by which certain concepts of childhood are accepted as legitimate while others are excluded, Framing Childhood analyses the textual and graphic constructions of the child's body, educational debates, how the shift from genealogical to affective bonding affected conceptions of parent-child relations, and how prints employed child figures as focalizers in their representations of public scenes. In examining links between text and image, MA1/4ller uncovers the role these media played in the genealogy of childhood before the 1790s, offering a re-visioning of the myth that situates the origin of childhood in late eighteenth-century England.

Shedding light on an important and neglected topic in childhood studies, Anja MA1/4ller interrogates how different concepts of childhood proliferated and were construed in several important eighteenth-century periodicals and satirical prints. MA1/4ller focuses on The Tatler, The Spectator, The Guardian, The Female Tatler, and The Female Spectator, arguing that these periodicals contributed significantly to the construction, development, and popularization of childhood concepts that provided the basis for later ideas such as the 'Romantic child'. Informed by the theoretical concept of 'framing', by which certain concepts of childhood are accepted as legitimate while others are excluded, Framing Childhood analyses the textual and graphic constructions of the child's body, educational debates, how the shift from genealogical to affective bonding affected conceptions of parent-child relations, and how prints employed child figures as focalizers in their representations of public scenes. In examining links between text and image, MA1/4ller uncovers the role these media played in the genealogy of childhood before the 1790s, offering a re-visioning of the myth that situates the origin of childhood in late eighteenth-century England.

This innovative collection of essays re-examines conventional ideas of the history of childhood, exploring the child's increasing prominence in eighteenth-century discourse and the establishment of the category of age as a marker of social distinction alongside race, class and gender. While scholars often approach childhood within the context of a single nation, this collection takes a comparative approach, examining the child in British, German and French contexts and demonstrating the mutual influences between the Continent and Great Britain in the conceptualization of childhood. Covering a wide range of subjects, from scientific and educational discourses on the child and controversies over the child's legal status and leisure activities, to the child as artist and consumer, the essays shed light on well-known novels like Tristram Shandy and Tom Jones, as well as on less-familiar texts such as periodicals, medical writings, trial reports and schoolbooks. Articles on visual culture show how eighteenth-century discourses on childhood are reflected in representations of the child by illustrators and portraitists. The international group of contributors, including Peter Borsay, Patricia Crown, Bernadette Fort, Brigitte Glaser, Klaus Peter Jochum, Dorothy Johnson and Peter Sabor, represent the disciplines of history, literature and art and reflect the collection's commitment to interdisciplinarity. The volume's unique range of topics makes it essential reading for students and scholars concerned with the history and representation of childhood in eighteenth-century culture.

Through case studies from diverse fields of cultural studies, this collection examines how different constructions of identity were mediated in England during the long eighteenth century. While the concept of identity has received much critical attention, the question of how identities were mediated usually remains implicit. This volume engages in a critical discussion of the connection between historically specific categories of identity determined by class, gender, nationality, religion, political factions and age, and the media available at the time, including novels, newspapers, trial reports, images and the theatre. Representative case studies are the arrival of children's literature as a genre, the creation of masculine citizenship in Defoe's novels, the performance of gendered and national identities by the actress Kitty Clive or in plays by Henry Fielding and Richard Sheridan, fashion and the public sphere, the emergence of the Whig and Tory parties, the radical culture of the 1790s, and visual representations of domestic and imperial landscape. Recognizing the proliferation of identities in the epoch, these essays explore the ways in which different media determined constructions of identity and were in turn shaped by them.

This innovative collection of essays re-examines conventional ideas of the history of childhood, exploring the child's increasing prominence in eighteenth-century discourse and the establishment of the category of age as a marker of social distinction alongside race, class and gender. While scholars often approach childhood within the context of a single nation, this collection takes a comparative approach, examining the child in British, German and French contexts and demonstrating the mutual influences between the Continent and Great Britain in the conceptualization of childhood. Covering a wide range of subjects, from scientific and educational discourses on the child and controversies over the child's legal status and leisure activities, to the child as artist and consumer, the essays shed light on well-known novels like Tristram Shandy and Tom Jones, as well as on less-familiar texts such as periodicals, medical writings, trial reports and schoolbooks. Articles on visual culture show how eighteenth-century discourses on childhood are reflected in representations of the child by illustrators and portraitists. The international group of contributors, including Peter Borsay, Patricia Crown, Bernadette Fort, Brigitte Glaser, Klaus Peter Jochum, Dorothy Johnson and Peter Sabor, represent the disciplines of history, literature and art and reflect the collection's commitment to interdisciplinarity. The volume's unique range of topics makes it essential reading for students and scholars concerned with the history and representation of childhood in eighteenth-century culture.

This volume focuses on the (de)canonization processes in children's literature, considering the construction and cultural-historical changes of canons in different children's literatures. Chapters by international experts in the field explore a wide range of different children's literatures from Great Britain, Germany, Scandinavia, the Low Countries, Eastern and Central Europe, as well as from Non-European countries such as Australia, Israel, and the United States. Situating the inquiry within larger literary and cultural studies conversations about canonicity, the contributors assess representative authors and works that have encountered changing fates in the course of canon history. Particular emphasis is given to sociological canon theories, which have so far been under-represented in canon research in children's literature. The volume therefore relates historical changes in the canon of children's literature not only to historical changes in concepts of childhood but to more encompassing political, social, economic, cultural, and ideological shifts. This volume's comparative approach takes cognizance of the fact that, if canon formation is an important cultural factor in nation-building processes, a comparative study is essential to assessing transnational processes in canon formation. This book thus renders evident the structural similarities between patterns and strategies of canon formation emerging in different children's literatures.

This volume focuses on the (de)canonization processes in children's literature, considering the construction and cultural-historical changes of canons in different children's literatures. Chapters by international experts in the field explore a wide range of different children's literatures from Great Britain, Germany, Scandinavia, the Low Countries, Eastern and Central Europe, as well as from Non-European countries such as Australia, Israel, and the United States. Situating the inquiry within larger literary and cultural studies conversations about canonicity, the contributors assess representative authors and works that have encountered changing fates in the course of canon history. Particular emphasis is given to sociological canon theories, which have so far been under-represented in canon research in children's literature. The volume therefore relates historical changes in the canon of children's literature not only to historical changes in concepts of childhood but to more encompassing political, social, economic, cultural, and ideological shifts. This volume's comparative approach takes cognizance of the fact that, if canon formation is an important cultural factor in nation-building processes, a comparative study is essential to assessing transnational processes in canon formation. This book thus renders evident the structural similarities between patterns and strategies of canon formation emerging in different children's literatures.

Adaptations of canonical texts have played an important role throughout the history of children's literature and have been seen as an active and vital contributing force in establishing a common ground for intercultural communication across generations and borders. This collection analyses different examples of adapting canonical texts in or for children's literature encompassing adaptations of English classics for children and young adult readers and intercultural adaptations of children's classics across Europe. The international contributors assess both historical and transcultural adaptation in relation to historically and regionally contingent concepts of childhood. By assessing how texts move across age-specific or national borders, they examine the traces of a common literary and cultural heritage in European children's literature.

Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject Sociology - Culture, Technology, Peoples / Nations, grade: -, University of Cooperative Education Mannheim, course: Intercultural Management, 22 entries in the bibliography, language: English, comment: Includes Basic County Information (such as Geography, Population, Climate, Education, Language etc.), National Symbols, History and Political Facts, Economy, Culture, Current Issues (Trade Relations to EU, Foreign Policy)., abstract: Since 1991, when Ukraine declared its indepence, the country has experienced enormous changes. The country is the largest country by size within Europe, and it is inhabited by more than 46 million people. Yet, many facts about the country remain unknown to most of the people living in Germany. The following paper will give further information about Ukraine, including basic country information, history, political facts, the country's economy as well as culture and issues Ukraine currently deals with.

Scholarly Research Paper from the year 2006 in the subject Business economics - General, grade: 1,8, University of Cooperative Education Mannheim, course: ABWL, 45 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: Fuel and diesel petrol are derived from crude oil, and since this is a limited raw material, unevenly distributed over the world, it will become very important in the future to find alternatives to petrol; one of them are biofuels. The present paper was written in order to find out about the biofuels market in Europe. An overview of different types of biofuels, including Biodiesel, Bioethanol, Synthetic Fuels as well as various others was compiled, describing advantages and disadvantages of each biofuel. Afterwards, Biodiesel is the main focus of the conducted SWOT analysis. This is due to the fact that Biodiesel is the major biofuel consumed within the EU, with a market share of about 80% of all biofuels available. It is found that Biodiesel does have several Strengths, both product Specific and Environmental specific, which could help the product become even more successful. On the other hand, Weaknesses, also product Specific and Environment specific are shown. Also, Opportunities and Threats are told about, with both of the topics divided into Political influences, Environmental factors and Other factors. Opportunities and Threats are influences coming from the outside, and they cannot be directly influenced by the producers of biofuels. Yet, knowing about these factors can be helpful in order to plan for future actions and gain a better understanding of the current situation of the product. Finally, a Conclusion shortly sums up the information gained in course of the study, and afterwards an Outlook for the future of biofuels is given. An Overview of the SWOT analysis shows the researched information in a compressed way in the Appendix.

Masterarbeit aus dem Jahr 2011 im Fachbereich BWL - Personal und Organisation, Note: 1,9, Hochschule Darmstadt, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Personalcontrolling hat in den letzten Jahren verstarkt an Bedeutung in deutschen Unternehmen gewonnen. Heutzutage steht laut einer Studie der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Personalfuhrung e.V. (DGFP) nicht mehr das ob," sondern vielmehr das wie" im Mittelpunkt der Personalcontrolling-Diskussion. Mittlerweile ist das Personalcontrolling ein etablierter Funktionsbereich innerhalb des Personalmanagements geworden. Jedoch ist nicht nur dieser Institutionalisierungsgrad neu, sondern auch die Fragestellungen im Personalcontrolling wurden in den letzten Jahren um einige neue Facetten bereichert. Wahrend sich Personalcontrolling ursprunglich hauptsachlich mit der Auswertung von harten Kennzahlen beschaftigte, rucken mittlerweile vermehrt erweiterte Personalcontrolling-Instrumente in den Vordergrund, die umfassende Kontroll- und Analysetatigkeiten ermoglichen. 1.2 Zielsetzung und Abgrenzung Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist, im Rahmen eines modernen Personalcontrollings die Anwendung des traditionellen Balanced Scorecard Konzeptes auf den Personalbereich in Form einer HR-Balanced Scorecard darzustellen. Die Balanced Scorecard kann hierbei fur den Personalbereich genutzt werden, wodurch Effizienz- und Effektivitatssteigerungen erzielt werden sollen. Anhand praktischer Beispiele wird fur die Bereiche Personalversorgung und Personalmanagement der Einsatz einer HR-Balanced Scorecard demonstriert. 1.3 Aufbau der Arbeit Im ersten Teil der Arbeit erfolgt eine Begriffsdefinition, sowie eine Darstellung der Funktionen, Dimensionen und Ansatze des Personalcontrollings. Daraufhin werden im nachsten Kapitel die Aufgaben des Controllings im Rahmen operativer sowie strategischer Personalarbeit erlautert. Im darauffolgenden Kapitel wird auf Kennzahlen als Grundlage des Personalcontrollings naher eingegangen, um danach erweiterte Personalcontrolling-In

Diplomarbeit aus dem Jahr 2009 im Fachbereich Forstwirtschaft / Forstwissenschaft, Note: 3,0, Hochschule fur Forstwirtschaft Rottenburg am Neckar (Waldarbeit und Forsttechnik), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die Waldarbeit gehort auch heute noch zu einer der unfallreichsten Tatigkeiten der modernen Arbeitswelt. Die Landesforstverwaltungen sind noch immer die grossten Arbeitgeber fur Forstwirte. Sie haben sich zur Aufgabe gemacht, die Unfallzahlen in ihren Betrieben zu senken, indem sie eng mit Maschinenherstellern und der Landwirtschaftlichen Berufsgenossenschaft zusammenarbeiten, die Ausbildung ihrer Waldarbeiter gewahrleisten, Vorschriften und Gesetzte zur Arbeitssicherheit anwenden. Mit Hilfe von Literaturrecherchen in Buchern, Fachzeitschriften, Schriftenreihen und im Internet ist es gelungen eine Zeitachse zu erarbeiten, die die Entwicklungen rund um die Arbeitssicherheit bei der Waldarbeit darstellt. Es wurden Daten zur Einfuhrung der Personlichen Schutzausrustung, der Geschichte der Motorsage, alte Gesetzte und Verordnungen, erste Harvester usw. herausgearbeitet. Diese Ergebnisse werden auf ihre Bedeutung fur die Verringerung der Unfallzahlen bewertet und daraus konnen Schlussfolgerungen gezogen werden, die auch fur die Zukunft wichtig sind. Es zeigt sich deutlich, dass der Stand der Technik und des Wissens, die Aus- und Fortbildung von Forstwirten und deren Vorgesetzten und die Einfuhrung von Gesetzen und Verordnungen von grosser Bedeutung fur die Arbeitssicherheit sind. Wichtige Schlussfolgerungen fur die Senkung der Unfallzahlen: Tragen geeigneter Schutzkleidung guter Aus- und Fortbildungsstand der Forstwirte vorschriftsmassiges Verhalten am Arbeitsplatz geeignete Fuhrungskrafte/ richtige Arbeitsplanung und - vorbereitung Einhaltung aktueller Gesetze und Vorschriften/ Einhaltung der UVV dem Sicherheitsstandard angepasste Arbeitsmittel Anwendung geeigneter Arbeitsverfahren Motivation der Forstwirte zu sicherem Arbeiten Gefahren erken