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Virus as Composition, Complexity, Quasispecies, Dynamics, and
Biological Implications, Second Edition, explains the fundamental
concepts surrounding viruses as complex populations during
replication in infected hosts. Fundamental phenomena in virus
behavior, such as adaptation to changing environments, capacity to
produce disease, and the probability to be transmitted or respond
to treatment all depend on virus population numbers. Concepts such
as quasispecies dynamics, mutations rates, viral fitness, the
effect of bottleneck events, population numbers in virus
transmission and disease emergence, and new antiviral strategies
are included. The book's main concepts are framed by recent
observations on general virus diversity derived from metagenomic
studies and current views on the origin and role of viruses in the
evolution of the biosphere.
This book reviews the early evidence of genetic variability of
rhabdoviruses. It describes data on the variability in the genomes
of closely related virus strains and the variability that can be
observed within a given virus strain.
This book describes the basic features of virus replication, and
points out how these features lead into the diverse biologies and
genetics of the various viruses.
This book analyzes the nature of polio replication complexes with
respect to subcellular fractionation, responses to detergent
treatments, and the viral/cellular proteins involved. It presents
models for both initiation and elongation of RNA chains by the
poliovirus replicase.
This book reviews the early evidence of genetic variability of
rhabdoviruses. It describes data on the variability in the genomes
of closely related virus strains and the variability that can be
observed within a given virus strain.
This book describes the basic features of virus replication, and
points out how these features lead into the diverse biologies and
genetics of the various viruses.
This volume brings together recent developments in quasispecies
theory extended to variable environments and practical applications
in elucidating viral dynamics and treatment designs. In particular,
the existence of an error threshold in rugged fitness landscapes
has opened the way to a new antiviral strategy termed lethal
mutagenesis, which is now under intensive theoretical, experimental
and clinical investigation. As such the book explains how an
understanding of quasispecies dynamics within infected organisms
has increased our knowledge of viral disease events. From a
clinical perspective, population dynamics highlights important
problems for viral disease control, such as the selection of
drug-resistant mutants that often accompanies treatment failures,
and suggests means of increasing the effectiveness of antiviral
treatments. The book is intended for students and scientists
interested in basic and applied aspects of biophysics, chemistry,
biology, evolution and medical virology.
This volume brings together recent developments in quasispecies
theory extended to variable environments and practical applications
in elucidating viral dynamics and treatment designs. In particular,
the existence of an error threshold in rugged fitness landscapes
has opened the way to a new antiviral strategy termed lethal
mutagenesis, which is now under intensive theoretical, experimental
and clinical investigation. As such the book explains how an
understanding of quasispecies dynamics within infected organisms
has increased our knowledge of viral disease events. From a
clinical perspective, population dynamics highlights important
problems for viral disease control, such as the selection of
drug-resistant mutants that often accompanies treatment failures,
and suggests means of increasing the effectiveness of antiviral
treatments. The book is intended for students and scientists
interested in basic and applied aspects of biophysics, chemistry,
biology, evolution and medical virology.
Der vorliegende 48. Band der Reihe "Fortschritte der
Arzneimittelfor- schung" enthalt acht Beitrage, die wiederum von
anerkannten Forschern verfasst wurden. Ausserdem sind auch in
diesem Band ein Stichwortver- zeichnis des Bandes sowie ein
Autoren-und Titelverzeichnis und ein Titel- verzeichnis aller 48
Bande enthalten. Der Leser hat dadurch die Mog- lichkeit, nicht nur
den vorliegenden Band zu konsultieren, sondern auch alle bisher
erschienenen Bande quasi als enzyklopadisches N achschla- gewerk zu
benutzen. Da alle Beitrage umfangreiche Literaturnachweise
enthalten, ist die Moglichkeit des Zugriffes auf
Original-Publikationen gegeben, was dem aktiven Forscher besonders
wichtig ist und seinen eige- nen Arbeiten Impulse geben kann. Die
Artikel des 48. Bandes behandeln neue Entwicklungen der Genetik,
der enzymatischen Herstellung von komplexen Peptiden und bringen
die neuesten Erkenntnisse der Apoptose unserem Verstandnis naher.
Immun- therapie bei Hirnerkrankungen und psychischen Storungen, der
Einsatz vonNaturproduktenzur Vorbeugung von Krebserkrankungen, das
beun- ruhigende Anwachsen der Arzneimittelresistenz, die
Mannigfaltigkeit der Dopamin-Rezeptor-Wirkung und die faszinierende
Darstellung einer grosseren Gruppe von neuartigen Nukleosiden als
Arzneimittel runden den vorliegenden Band der "Fortschritte der
Arzneimittelforschung" ab und bieten dem Leser viel Neuartiges und
Interessantes.
Progress in Drug Research is a prestigious book series which
provides extensive expert-written reviews on a wide spectrum of
highly topical areas in current pharmaceutical and pharmacological
research. It serves as an important source of information for
researchers concerned with drug research and all those who need to
keep abreast of the many recent developments in the quest for new
and better medicines.
Continuous genetic variation and selection of virus subpopulations
in the course of RNA virus replications are intimately related to
viral disease mechanisms. The central topics of this volume are the
origins of the quasispecies concept, and the implications of
quasispecies dynamics for viral populations.
Progress in Drug Research is a prestigious book series which
provides extensive expert-written reviews on a wide spectrum of
highly topical areas in current pharmaceutical and pharmacological
research. It serves as an important source of information for
researchers concerned with drug research and all those who need to
keep abreast of the many recent developments in the quest for new
and better medicines.
Virus as Populations: Composition, Complexity, Dynamics, and
Biological Implications explains fundamental concepts that arise
from regarding viruses as complex populations when replicating in
infected hosts. Fundamental phenomena in virus behavior, such as
adaptation to changing environments, capacity to produce disease,
probability to be transmitted or response to treatment, depend on
virus population numbers and in the variations of such population
numbers. Concepts such as quasispecies dynamics, mutations rates,
viral fitness, the effect of bottleneck events, population numbers
in virus transmission and disease emergence, new antiviral
strategies such as lethal mutagenesis, and extensions of population
heterogeneity to nonviral systems are included. These main concepts
of the book are framed in recent observations on general virus
diversity derived from metagenomic studies, and current views on
the origin of viruses and the role of viruses in the evolution of
the biosphere.
New viral diseases are emerging continuously. Viruses adapt to new
environments at astounding rates. Genetic variability of viruses
jeopardizes vaccine efficacy. For many viruses mutants resistant to
antiviral agents or host immune responses arise readily, for
example, with HIV and influenza.These variations are all of utmost
importance for human and animal health as they have prevented us
from controlling these epidemic pathogens.
This book focuses on the mechanisms that viruses use to evolve,
survive and cause disease in their hosts. Covering human, animal,
plant and bacterial viruses, it provides both the basic foundations
for the evolutionary dynamics of viruses and specific examples of
emerging diseases explained by the evolutionary flexibility of the
viral agents that circulate in a continuously changing earth
environment.
* NEW to this edition - chapters on the molecular basis of copying
fidelity of viral polymerases, methods to establish phylogenetic
relationships among viruses, and the mechanisms of cellular RNA
interference and editing functions as they affect virus evolution.
* UNIQUE - combines theoretical concepts in evolution with detailed
analyses of the evolution of important virus groups.
* Bacterial, plant, animal and human viruses are compared regarding
their interaction with their hosts.
This book unifies general concepts of plant and animal virus
evolution and covers a broad range of topics related to theoretical
and experimental aspects of virus population dynamics and viral
fitness. Timely topics such as viral mechanisms to cope with
antiviral agents, the adaptability of the virus to new hosts,
emergence of new viral phenotypes, and the connections between
short- and long-term virus evolution are included. By comparing
plant and animal viruses, universal mechanisms responsible for
fitness variations, viral emergence and disease mechanisms are
explored. Although emphasis is put on specific plant and human
viral pathogens, relevant similarities and differences to other
viruses are highlighted. Additionally, readers will learn more
about the adaptability of coronaviruses, including the recently
emerged SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The book is aimed at students and scientists interested in basic
and applied aspects of plant and animal virus population dynamics
and evolution.
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