Demonstrates a true story of China-Africa cooperation Explains China's motivation and achievements of providing aid to Africa Covers concerns and responses to the development appeals of African countries Refutes false claims that China is a 'rogue donor'

Illegality in Marine Insurance Law is the first book to deal specifically with illegality in the context of marine insurance law. Previously, this issue has only ever been partially covered within analysis and criticism of Section 41 of the Marine Insurance Act 1906 and warranties. However, Dr Wang Feng goes much further than this by considering its impact on the common law relevant to marine insurance in many jurisdictions worldwide. The book addresses whether the existing law represents an accurate codification of the former authorities and whether Section 41 truly reflects existing legal principles. As well as this, the book examines how correctly to approach illegality within the context of marine insurance, considering the fundamental changes to the rule of breach of warranty introduced by the Insurance Act 2015. Of interest to academic researchers and practitioners in common law and civil law jurisdictions, this book provides rigorous analysis of the illegality issue and a conceptual approach for various approaches to reform marine insurance law. It is a unique and comprehensive guide to illegality in marine insurance law.

The book proposes a new Cultural Realism and Virtualism design model for cultural and creative products based on Laozi's philosophy and analysis of symbolism, metaphysics, three-layered culture, reverse-triangular cultural space and Zen aesthetics. It studies peoples that speak Austronesian languages and offers a detailed comparison of their homogeneous and heterogeneous cultures of color, clothing, housing, boats, birds, symbols, dance and ancestry, and provides insights into the cultural features of deconstruction and construction of color, style, form, shape and function, to compose cultural and creative products using complex, variable, fuzzy evaluation; and structural variation and color evaluation methods. It then uses case studies to show that the products created with the new model not only fulfilled their purpose, but also successfully entered the markets. This book helps qualify decision-making processes, improve accuracy of design scheme evaluation and enhance efficiency in product development, and as such appeals to those in the cultural and creative industry, researchers, designers and those who are interested in product design.

The Chinese economy's return to commodification and privatization has greatly diversified China's institutional landscape. With the migration of more than 140 million villagers to cities and rapid urbanization of rural settlements, it is no longer possible to presume that the nation can be divided into strictly urban or rural classifications.
"Creating Wealth and Poverty in Postsocialist China" draws on a wide variety of recent national surveys and detailed case studies to capture the diversity of postsocialist China and identify the contradictory dynamics forging contemporary social stratification. Focusing on economic inequality, social stratification, power relations, and everyday life chances, the volume provides an overview of postsocialist class order and contributes to current debates over the forces driving global inequalities. This book will be a must read for those interested in social inequality, stratification, class formation, postsocialist transformations, and China and Asian studies.

This book examines the trends, underlying factors, and policy implications of fertility declines in three East Asian countries: Japan, South Korea, and China. In contrast to Western countries that have also experienced fertility declines to below-replacement levels, fertility decline in these East Asian countries is most notable in its rapidity and sheer magnitude. After a rapid decline shortly after the war, in which fertility was halved in one decade from 4.5 children per woman in 1947 to 2.1 in 1957, Japan's fertility started to decline to below-replacement levels in the mid-1970s, reaching 1.3 per woman in the early 2000s. Korea experienced one of the most spectacular declines ever recorded, with fertility falling continuously from very high (6.0 per woman) to a below-replacement level (1.6 per woman) between the early 1960s and mid-1980s, reaching 1.1 per woman in 2005. Similarly, after a dramatic decline from very high to low levels in one decade from the early 1970s to early 1980s, China's fertility reached around 1.5 per woman by 2005. Despite differences in timing, tempo, and scale of fertility declines, dramatic fertility reductions have resulted in extremely rapid population aging and foreshadow a long-term population decline in all three countries. This monograph provides a systematic comparison of fertility transitions in these East Asian countries and discusses the economic, social, and cultural factors that may account for their similarities and differences. After an overview of cultural backgrounds, economic transformations, and the evolution of policies, the trends and age patterns of fertility are examined. The authors then investigate changes in women's marriage and childbearing within marriage, the two major direct determinants of fertility, followed by an analysis of the social and economic factors underlying fertility and nuptiality changes, such as education, women's employment, and gender relations at home.

In this book, expert researchers provide a tool box for those who have a general interest in biomarker research and for those currently specializing in certain technologies but desiring an understanding of other available methodologies. Its chapters include validated, mature methods as well as new, incredibly promising protocols. This book is the perfect biomarker technical guideline and reference to stimulate more exciting biomarker research and technology development.

Oversampled A/D converters have become very popular in recent years. Some of their advantages include relaxed requirements for anti-alias filters, relaxed requirements for component matching, high resolution and compatibility with digital VLSI technology. There is a significant amount of literature discussing the principle, theory and implementation of various oversampled converters. Such converters are likely to continue to proliferate in the foreseeable future. Additionally, more recently there has been great interest in low voltage and low power circuit design. New design techniques have been proposed for both the digital domain and the analog domain. Both trends point to the importance of the low-power design of oversampled A/D converters. Unfortunately, there has been no systematic study of the optimal design of modulators for oversampled converters. Design has generally focused on new architectures with little attention being paid to optimization. The goal of Design of Modulators for Oversampled Converters is to develop a methodology for the optimal design of modulators in oversampled converters. The primary focus of the presentation is on minimizing power consumption and understanding and limiting the nonlinearities that result in such converters. Design of Modulators for Oversampled Converters offers a quantitative justification for the various design tradeoffs and serves as a guide for designing low-power highly linear oversampled converters. Design of Modulators for Oversampled Converters will serve as a valuable guide for circuit design practitioners, university researchers and graduate students who are interested in this fast-moving area.

Oversampled A/D converters have become very popular in recent years. Some of their advantages include relaxed requirements for anti-alias filters, relaxed requirements for component matching, high resolution and compatibility with digital VLSI technology. There is a significant amount of literature discussing the principle, theory and implementation of various oversampled converters. Such converters are likely to continue to proliferate in the foreseeable future. Additionally, more recently there has been great interest in low voltage and low power circuit design. New design techniques have been proposed for both the digital domain and the analog domain. Both trends point to the importance of the low-power design of oversampled A/D converters. Unfortunately, there has been no systematic study of the optimal design of modulators for oversampled converters. Design has generally focused on new architectures with little attention being paid to optimization. The goal of Design of Modulators for Oversampled Converters is to develop a methodology for the optimal design of modulators in oversampled converters. The primary focus of the presentation is on minimizing power consumption and understanding and limiting the nonlinearities that result in such converters. Design of Modulators for Oversampled Converters offers a quantitative justification for the various design tradeoffs and serves as a guide for designing low-power highly linear oversampled converters. Design of Modulators for Oversampled Converters will serve as a valuable guide for circuit design practitioners, university researchers and graduate students who are interested in this fast-moving area.

Illegality in Marine Insurance Law is the first book to deal specifically with illegality in the context of marine insurance law. Previously, this issue has only ever been partially covered within analysis and criticism of Section 41 of the Marine Insurance Act 1906 and warranties. However, Dr Wang Feng goes much further than this by considering its impact on the common law relevant to marine insurance in many jurisdictions worldwide. The book addresses whether the existing law represents an accurate codification of the former authorities and whether Section 41 truly reflects existing legal principles. As well as this, the book examines how correctly to approach illegality within the context of marine insurance, considering the fundamental changes to the rule of breach of warranty introduced by the Insurance Act 2015. Of interest to academic researchers and practitioners in common law and civil law jurisdictions, this book provides rigorous analysis of the illegality issue and a conceptual approach for various approaches to reform marine insurance law. It is a unique and comprehensive guide to illegality in marine insurance law.

This volume provides a collection of protocols from researchers in the statistical genomics field. Chapters focus on integrating genomics with other “omics” data, such as transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and metagenomics. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and thorough, Statistical Genomics hopes that by covering these diverse and timely topics researchers are provided insights into future directions and priorities of pan-omics and the precision medicine era.

This book provides a systematic overview of watermarking and steganography methods for triangle meshes related to computer graphics and security. The significance of this research has been well recognized by the growing body of work on watermarking, steganography and steganalysis of 3D meshes. With the evolution of the CAD industry and real-world end-user applications such as virtual reality (VR) and 3D printing, 3D meshes have attracted world-wide attention. Besides, the flexible data structure of 3D geometry provides enough space to embed secret information, making it ideal for applications such as copyright protection and covert communication. Our goal of the book is to allow readers to systematically understand 3D mesh information hiding technology and its applications as a whole. The book outlines comprehensive techniques, including handcrafted and deep learning-based techniques, digital and physical techniques in the literature and provides standard evaluation metrics for triangle meshes. The up-to-date geometrical deep learning and 3D printing-related algorithms are also covered. Offering a rich blend of ideas and algorithms, the book is up-to-date and self-contained. It is an excellent reference resource for users who are seeking 3D mesh watermarking and steganography algorithms, as well as for graduate students and researchers wanting to grasp the frontiers of triangular mesh processing on data hiding.

The book proposes a new Cultural Realism and Virtualism design model for cultural and creative products based on Laozi's philosophy and analysis of symbolism, metaphysics, three-layered culture, reverse-triangular cultural space and Zen aesthetics. It studies peoples that speak Austronesian languages and offers a detailed comparison of their homogeneous and heterogeneous cultures of color, clothing, housing, boats, birds, symbols, dance and ancestry, and provides insights into the cultural features of deconstruction and construction of color, style, form, shape and function, to compose cultural and creative products using complex, variable, fuzzy evaluation; and structural variation and color evaluation methods. It then uses case studies to show that the products created with the new model not only fulfilled their purpose, but also successfully entered the markets. This book helps qualify decision-making processes, improve accuracy of design scheme evaluation and enhance efficiency in product development, and as such appeals to those in the cultural and creative industry, researchers, designers and those who are interested in product design.

The book lies at the interface of mathematics, social media analysis, and data science. Its authors aim to introduce a new dynamic modeling approach to the use of partial differential equations for describing information diffusion over online social networks. The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the Laplacian matrix for the underlying social network are used to find communities (clusters) of online users. Once these clusters are embedded in a Euclidean space, the mathematical models, which are reaction-diffusion equations, are developed based on intuitive social distances between clusters within the Euclidean space. The models are validated with data from major social media such as Twitter. In addition, mathematical analysis of these models is applied, revealing insights into information flow on social media. Two applications with geocoded Twitter data are included in the book: one describing the social movement in Twitter during the Egyptian revolution in 2011 and another predicting influenza prevalence. The new approach advocates a paradigm shift for modeling information diffusion in online social networks and lays the theoretical groundwork for many spatio-temporal modeling problems in the big-data era.

This book constitutes the workshop proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, ICA3PP 2018, held in Guangzhou, China, in November 2018. The 24 full papers presented were carefully selected and reviewed from numerous submissions to the two following workshops: - ICA3PP 2018 Workshop on Intelligent Algorithms for Large-scale Complex Optimization Problems - ICA3PP 2018 Workshop on Security and Privacy in Data Processing

This book brings together twelve scholars six Americans and six Chinese to explore the ways America and China think about international order. The book shows how each country's traditions, historical experiences, and ideologies influence current global dialogues.

The Chinese economy's return to commodification and privatization has greatly diversified China's institutional landscape. With the migration of more than 140 million villagers to cities and rapid urbanization of rural settlements, it is no longer possible to presume that the nation can be divided into strictly urban or rural classifications.
"Creating Wealth and Poverty in Postsocialist China" draws on a wide variety of recent national surveys and detailed case studies to capture the diversity of postsocialist China and identify the contradictory dynamics forging contemporary social stratification. Focusing on economic inequality, social stratification, power relations, and everyday life chances, the volume provides an overview of postsocialist class order and contributes to current debates over the forces driving global inequalities. This book will be a must read for those interested in social inequality, stratification, class formation, postsocialist transformations, and China and Asian studies.

In the last two decades of the twentieth century, following the worldwide collapse of communism, China ascended from being one of the most egalitarian societies in the world to one of the more unequal. Wang Feng documents the process of rising inequality in urban China during this period, and explores the underlying structural forces that define China's emerging social landscape.
By treating social categories created under socialism, such as cities and work organizations, as explicit forces generating inequality, the author reveals a pattern that embodies both enlarging inequality between social categories and persistent equality within them. This pattern is traced to China's post-socialist political economy and to a long-existing cultural tradition that places a premium on harmony and group solidarity. China's great reversal from equality to inequality is a powerful example of how social categories, not individual traits and preferences, structure and maintain inequality.

Implement neural search systems on the cloud by leveraging Jina design patterns Key Features Identify the different search techniques and discover applications of neural search Gain a solid understanding of vector representation and apply your knowledge in neural search Unlock deeper levels of knowledge of Jina for neural search Book DescriptionSearch is a big and ever-growing part of the tech ecosystem. Traditional search, however, has limitations that are hard to overcome because of the way it is designed. Neural search is a novel approach that uses the power of machine learning to retrieve information using vector embeddings as first-class citizens, opening up new possibilities of improving the results obtained through traditional search. Although neural search is a powerful tool, it is new and finetuning it can be tedious as it requires you to understand the several components on which it relies. Jina fills this gap by providing an infrastructure that reduces the time and complexity involved in creating deep learning-powered search engines. This book will enable you to learn the fundamentals of neural networks for neural search, its strengths and weaknesses, as well as how to use Jina to build a search engine. With the help of step-by-step explanations, practical examples, and self-assessment questions, you'll become well-versed with the basics of neural search and core Jina concepts, and learn to apply this knowledge to build your own search engine. By the end of this deep learning book, you'll be able to make the most of Jina's neural search design patterns to build an end-to-end search solution for any modality. What you will learn Understand how neural search and legacy search work Grasp the machine learning and math fundamentals needed for neural search Get to grips with the foundation of vector representation Explore the basic components of Jina Analyze search systems with different modalities Uncover the capabilities of Jina with the help of practical examples Who this book is forIf you are a machine learning, deep learning, or artificial intelligence engineer interested in building a search system of any kind (text, QA, image, audio, PDF, 3D models, or others) using modern software architecture, this book is for you. This book is perfect for Python engineers who are interested in building a search system of any kind using state-of-the-art deep learning techniques.

Experiments at the turn of the 21st century have made revolutionary advancements in the research area of two-dimensional (2D) superlattices. In conjunction with contemporary and subsequent theories, there have been ground breaking advancements in understanding what electrons do in two-dimensional periodic potential and a perpendicular magnetic field. The work is expected to get recognition by Nobel Prize in Physics. The book contains a marvelous account by a graduate student of the breakthroughs in fundamental nanoelectronics research on 2D superlattices in both experimental and theoretical fronts.

Chinese literature has a long, distinctive history and has played an important part in shaping the cultural identity of the Chinese people. This literature provides a window into human relationships, society, politics, spirituality and philosophy at any given time in China's history. This accessible, illustrated introduction takes the reader through the rich Chinese literary tradition from ancient times to the twentieth century, exploring poetry, opera, drama, novels, short stories, the modern media and the authors who created these cultural treasures.