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Liposome Technology, Volume I: Liposome Preparation and Related
Techniques, Third Edition, is a thoroughly updated and expanded new
edition of a classic text in the field. Including step-by-step
technical details, Volume I illustrates numerous methods for
liposome preparation and auxiliary techniques necessary for the
stabilization and characterization of liposomes. This source also
offers critical discussions of the methodologies of each technology
described so that readers can examine the benefits and limitations
and compare it to other approaches.
Liposome Technology, Volume III: Interactions of Liposomes with the
Biological Milieu, Third Edition, is a comprehensively updated and
expanded new edition of a classic text in the field. Including
step-by-step technical details, Volume III describes technologies
for yielding liposomes that can function in a targeted fashion, and
highlights methods for studying the interaction of liposomes within
the biological environment to be applied in the detection, therapy,
or prevention of disease. This source also offers critical
discussions of the methodologies of each technology described so
that readers can examine the benefits and limitations and compare
it to other approaches.
Liposome Technology, Volume II: Entrapment of Drugs and Other
Materials into Liposomes, Third Edition is a comprehensively
updated and expanded new edition of a classic text in the field.
Including step-by-step technical details, Volume II describes
procedures for the incorporation of drugs and other materials into
liposomes for a variety therapeutics, chosen because of their
relevance to current trends in liposome applications or because
they represent groups of active pharmaceutical ingredients with
similar physical and chemical properties. This source also offers
critical discussions of the methodologies of each technology
described so that readers can examine the benefits and limitations
and compare it to other approaches.
The NATO Advanced Studies Institute series "Targeting of Drugs" was
originated in 1981. It is now a major international forum, held
every two years in Cape Sounion, Greece, in which the present and
the future of this important area of research in drug delivery is
discussed in great depth. Previous ASIs of the series dealt with
drug carriers of natural and synthetic origin, their interactions
with the biological milieu, ways by which milieu interference is
circumvented, approaches to carrier design or modification that
contribute to optimal carrier function, and, more recently, with
strategies for gene and oligonucleotide delivery in therapy The
present book contains the proceedings of the 9th NATO ASI,
"Targeting of Drugs: Strategies for Stealth Therapeutic Systems,"
held in Cape Sounion during 24 June -5 July 1997. As the title
implies, the book deals with a variety of approaches to evade the
reticuloendothelial system and thus extend the circulation time of
a variety of delivery systems including polymers, biopolymers,
liposomes, and other nanoparticles or microparticles. We express
our appreciation to Mrs. Concha Perring for her assistance with the
organization of the AS . The ASI was held under the sponsorship of
NATO Scientific Affairs Division and supported by Sequus
Pharmaceuticals (Menlo Park, CA, USA), The Liposome Company
(Princeton, NJ, USA), NOVO Nordisk (Bagsvaard, Denmark), NeXstar
Pharmaceuticals (Boulder, CO, USA), Gene Medicine (Houston, TX,
USA), Pfizer Ltd (Sandwich, Kent, UK), Merck (Rahway, NJ, USA), and
Biovation Ltd (Aberdeen, UK).
The NATO Advanced Studies Institute series "Targeting of Drugs" was
originated in 1981. It is now a major international forum, held
every two years in Cape Sounion, Greece, in which the present and
the future of this important area of research in drug delivery is
discussed in great depth. Previous ASIs of the series dealt with
drug carriers of natural and synthetic origin, their interaction
with the biological milieu, ways by which the latter influences
such interaction, strategies by which milieu interference
curtailing the function of drug carriers is circumvented and, more
recently, with the application of drug carriers for the delivery of
peptides and proteins. The present book contains the of the 7th
NATO ASI "Targeting of Drugs: Advances in System Constructs,"
proceedings held in Cape Sounion during 24 June -5 July 1993. As
the title implies, the book deals with a variety of approaches to
carrier design or modification that contribute to optimal carrier
function. to Mrs Concha Perring for her assistance with the We
express our appreciation organization of the ASI. We thank Dr. G.
Deliconstantinos who, as chairperson of the Local Committee,
contributed to the success of the Institute. The ASI was held under
the sponsorship of NATO Scientific Affairs Division and
co-sponsored and generously financed by SmithKline Beecham
Pharmaceuticals (King of Prussia). Financial assistance was also
provided by Liposome Technology Inc. (Menlo Park), Vestar Inc. (San
Dimas) and Zeneka (Macclesfield).
Vaccination, chiefly responsible for the eradication of smallpox
and the control of poliomyelitis and German measles in man and of
foot-and mouth, Marek's and Newcastle disease in domestic animals,
remains the best answer to infectious diseases. Early vaccines were
live wild type organ isms but these have been largely replaced by
attenuated or killed organisms or by purified components (subunits)
thereof. More recently, developments in recombinant DNA techniques,
the advent of monoclonal antibodies and progress in our
understanding of the immunological structure of proteins, have laid
the foundations for a new generation of vaccines. For instance,
subuni t vaccines have been produced through gene cloning and a
number of peptides mimicking small regions of proteins on the outer
coat of viruses and capable of eliciting virus neutralizing
antibodies, have been synthes ized. Such vaccines are defined at
the molecular level, can elicit immune responses controlling
specific infectious organisms and are, thus, potent ially free of
the problems inherent in conventional ones. However, because
subunit and peptide vaccines are only weakly or non-immunogenic,
they re quire the presence of immunological adjuvants. These are a
diverse array of agents that promote specific humoural and/or
cell-mediated immunity responses to antigens. This book contains
the proceedings of the 1st NATO Advanced Studies Institute
"Immunological Adjuvants and Vaccines" held in Cape Sounion Beach,
Greece during 24 June-5 July, 1988.
Successful drug use in biology and medicine is often prejudiced by
the failure of drugs that are otherwise active in vitro to act as
efficiently in vivo. This is because in the living animal drugs
must, as a rule, bypass or traverse organs, membranes, cells and
molecules that stand between the site of administration and the
site of action. In practice, however, drugs can be toxic to normal
tissues, have limited or no access to the target and be prematurely
excreted or inactivated. There is now growing optimism that such
problems may be resolved by the use of carrier systems that will
not only protect the non-target environment from the drugs they
carry but also deliver them to where they are needed or facilitate
their release there. Carrier systems presently under investigation
include antibodies, glycoproteins, cells, reconstituted viruses and
liposomes. Recent advances in the chemistry of cell receptor and
receptor-recognising molecules, llnmunology, and natural and
artificial membranes have revealed a multitude of ways in which
such carrier systems can be modified or improved upon.
Targeting of drugs via carrier systems to sites in the body in need
of pharmacologic intervention is a rapidly growing area of research
in the treatment or prevention of disease. It has evolved from the
need to preferentially deliver drugs, enzymes, vitamins, hormones,
antigens, etc. to target cells and organs so as to avoid toxicity,
waste of drugs through premature secretion or inactivation and at
the same time render treatment more convenient and cost-effective.
A wide assortment of naturally occ urring or semi-synthetic drug
carriers (e. g. antibodies, glycoproteins, lectins, peptide
hormones, cells and liposomes), their inter action with relevant
receptors and mediation of optimal pharmacological action were
discussed in the two previous NATO Advanced Studies Institutes
(ASI) of this series, "Targeting of Drugs" and "Receptor-Mediated
Targeting of Drugs," the proceedings of wh ich were published by
Plenum in 1982 and 1984 respectively. This book contains the
proceedings of the 3rd NATO ASI "Targeting of Drugs with Synthetic
Systems" held as be fore at Cape Sounion, Greece during 24 June-5
July 1985. It deals mostly with man-made carriers such as a variety
of polymers, matrices, liposomes and other colloidal micro
particles. The twenty chapters discuss the interaction of such
carriers with the biological milieu, approaches to bypass the
reticuloendothelial system (or, when needed, take advantage of its
interception of carriers to optimally deliver drugs to phagocytes)
and ways to improve delivery to specific cells, often with the help
of carrier-linked ligands."
The success of vaccination in controlling infectious diseases is
well documented. However, low profitability, expense and liability
have hindered research and development of vaccines. Recently,
increasing realization (enhanced by the AIDS pandemic) of the need
to overcome such difficulties has led to steps being taken by
national authorities, non-profit and commercial organizations to
resolve them. This has been facilitated by developments in
recombinant DNA techniques, the advent of monoclonal anti bodies
and progress in the understanding of the immunological structure of
proteins which have laid the foundation of a new generation of
vaccines. Such vaccines are defined at the molecular level, can
elicit immune responses controlling infectious organisms and are
therefore potentially free of the problems encountered in
conventional ones. Unfortunately, subunit and synthetic peptide
vaccines are often only weakly or non inmunogenic. However,
developments in both antigen production and immuno potentiation of
weak antigens have opened new avenues with exciting prospects for
vaccine design.
TheNATO
AdvancedStudiesInstituteseries"TargetingofDrugs"wasoriginatedin
1981. It is nowamajorinternationalforum,heldeverytwo yearsin
CapeSounion,Greece,in
whichthepresentandthefutureofthisimportantareaofresearch in
drugdeliveryisdiscussed in greatdepth.
PreviousASIsoftheseriesdealtwith drugcarriersofnaturalandsynthetic
origin,theirinteractionswith thebiologicalmilieu, waysby
whichthefunctionofdrugcarriers iscircumvented and,morerecently,with
avarietyofapproaches to carrierdesignor
modificationthatcontributeto optimalcarrierfunction.
Thepresentbookcontainsthe proceedings ofthe8thNATO ASI,
"TargetingofDrugs:Strategies for Oligonucleotideand GeneDelivery in
Therapy", held in CapeSounionduring24June-5 July 1995. Asthetitle
implies,thebookdealswith avarietyofsystemsin termsoftheirability to
transportnucleic acidsto targetareasin vitro andin vivo in
waysthateffectivelymodify,supplement, correct,
orcurtailthefunctionofgenesin therapy. Weexpressourappreciation to
Mrs. ConchaPerringfor herassistance with the organizationoftheASI.
TheASI washeldunderthesponsorship ofNATO ScientificAffairs Division
andco-sponsored andgenerouslyfinancedby
SmithKlineBeechamPharmaceuticals (KingofPrussia).
Financialassistance wasalsoprovidedby SandozPharma(Baseland
Athens),GeneMedicine (Houston,USA),
ChironCorporation(Emeryville,USA), BYK GuldenLombergChemische
(Konstanz,Gernlany),HelpSA(Athens,Greece),Avanti Polar Lipids Inc
(Birmingham,USA), OxfordMolecular(Oxford,UK), Pfizer(Kent,UK),
andAlza Corporation(PaloAlto, USA). GregoryGregoriadis
BrendaMcCormack v CONTENTS Gene Therapy for Inherited Genetic
Disease: Possibilities and Problems c. *Coutelle Gene Delivery and
Therapy: The Case for Cystic Fibrosis 15 E. W. F. W. Alton Immune
Responses with Direct Gene Transfer: DNA Vaccines and 21
Implications for Gene Therapy H. L. Davis Oligonucleotides:
Molecular Versions for Optimal Use in Vivo 31 E. Saison-Behmoaras,
A. Van Aerschot, I. Duroux, C. Hendrix, C. Helene, and P. Herdewijn
Retrovirus Vectors in Gene Therapy: Targeting to Specific Cells 45
AJ. Kingsman, Y. Bae, J. c. Griffiths, N. Kim, E. E. Ramsdale, G.
Romano, Y. Soneoka, P. M. Cannon, and S. M. Kingsman Adenovirus as
Vectors for Gene Therapy 53 M. G. Lee Receptor-Mediated Gene
Delivery with Synthetic Virus-like Particles 67 E. Wagner, M.
Cotten, and K. Zatloukal Controllable Gene Therapy: Recent Advances
in Non-Viral Gene Delivery 79 A.
It is widely accepted that vaccination still renains the best
answer to ITDst infectious diseases. Recently, vaccine developnent
has been greatly facilitated by advances in ITDlecular and cell
biology which have laid the foundations of a new generation of
vaccines. '!hese are exemplified by submit vaccines produced
through gene cloning and synthetic peptides mimicking snall regions
of proteins on the outer coat of viruses and capable of eliciting
virus neutralizing antibodies. However, submit and peptide vaccines
are only weakly or non-inmmogenic in the absence of immunological
adjuvants. The latter are a diverse array of agents that augment
specific cell-mediated immune responses to the antigens and the
formation of protective antibodies. '!his book contains the
proceedings of the 3rd NATO Advanced Studies Institute (ASI)
"New-Generation vaccines: '!he Role of Basic Irrmmology" held at
Cape Sounion Beach, Greece, during 24 June-5 July, 1992. It deals
with recent developnents in the understanding of inmmity at the
ITDlecular and cellular levels and the application of such
knowledge in the search for novel inmmological adjuvants and the
fonnulation of new-generation vaccines for experimental and
clinical use. We express our appreciation to Professor K. Dalsgaard
and H. Snippe for their cooperation in planning the ASI and to Mrs.
Concha Perring for her excellent production of the manu- scripts.
'!he ASI was held tmder the sponsorship of NATO Scientific Affairs
Division and generously co-sponsored by SrnithKline Beecham
Pharmaceuticals (Fhiladelp,. ia). Financial assistance was also
provided by Pasteur Merieux (Marcy L'Etoile), British Biotechnology
Ltd.
Liposome Technology, Volume III: Interactions of Liposomes with the
Biological Milieu, Third Edition, is a comprehensively updated and
expanded new edition of a classic text in the field. Including
step-by-step technical details, Volume III describes technologies
for yielding liposomes that can function in a targeted fashion, and
highlights methods for studying the interaction of liposomes within
the biological environment to be applied in the detection, therapy,
or prevention of disease. This source also offers critical
discussions of the methodologies of each technology described so
that readers can examine the benefits and limitations and compare
it to other approaches.
The NATO Advanced Studies Institute series "Targeting of Drugs" was
originated in 1981. It is now a major international forum, held
every two years in Cape Sounion, Greece, in which the present and
the future of this important area of research in drug carriers is
discussed in great depth. Four previous ASls of the series dealt
with drug carriers of natural and synthetic origin, their
interaction with the biological milieu and with ways by which the
latter influences such interaction. The present book contains the
proceedings of the 5th NATO ASI "Targeting of Drugs: Optimization
Strategies" held in Cape Sounion during 24 June-5 July, 1989. A
logical sequel to the last one, the ASI deals with strategies by
which milieu inter- ference curtailing the function of drug
carriers is circumvented or removed. We express our appreciation to
Drs. R. Langer and E. Tomlinson for their valuable advice
throughout the planning of the ASI and to Dr. G. Deliconstantinos
who, as Chairman of the Local Committee contributed so effectively
to its success. The ASI was held under the sponsorship of NATO
Scientific Affairs Division and co-sponsored and generously
financed by Smith Kline French Laboratories (now SmithKline
Beecham), Philadelphia, USA. Financial assistance was also provided
by CIBA Geigy (Horsham), Schering (West Berlin), Farmitalia Carlo
Erba (Milan), Liposome Technology Inc. (Menlo Park), Pfizer
(Sandwich), Dior (Paris), Syntex Research (Palo Alto), ICI
Pharmaceuticals (Mereside), Boehringer (Mannheim) , Wyeth (Taplow),
Merck Sharp Dohme (Rahway), Sandoz A.G. (Basle) and Lilly Research
Centre Ltd.
A major vehicle for the transition of carrier-mediated drug
delivery from a theoretical/experimental status to one with
practical uses has been the NATO Advanced Studies Institute series
"Targeting of Drugs." Three previous ASls of the series 1-3], also
held in Cape Sounion, dealt with carriers of natural and synthetic
origin, their preparation and drug incorporation as well as a wide
range of applications. This book contains the proceedings of the
4th NATO ASI "Targeting of Drugs: Anatomical and Physiological
Considerations" held in Cape Sounion, Greece during 20 June - 1
July 1987. Historically, carrier systems have been chosen on the
basis of selective affinity for target sites. For instance,
monoclonal antibodies bind selectively to antigens on the surface
of cells and the same applies to ligands such as certain
glycoproteins which bind to cell receptors. Colloidal carriers on
the other hand, are "passively" targeted to the reticuloendothelial
system. However, effective drug delivery depends not only on
demonstration of affinity of the carrier system for its target but
also, and perhaps crucially, on the way(s) by which the
carrier-drug entity interacts with the interposed biological
milieu. The book deals in depth with a number of biological milieus
as travelled space for carriers en route to their destination,
difficulties arising from unfavorable milieu-carrier interactions
and ways to circumvent such difficulties. It also identifies, when
possible, situations where proposed uses would or would not be
realistic and provides perspectives for future goals.
During the last decade or so vaccine development has been
facilitated by rapid advances in molecular and cell biology. These
have laid the foundations of a new generation of vaccines
exemplified by subunit vaccines produced through gene cloning and
by synthetic peptides mimicking small regions of proteins on the
outer coat of viruses. Such peptide~ are capable of eliciting
virus-neutralizing antibodies. Unfortunately, subunit and peptide
vaccines are only weakly or non immunogenic in the absence of
immunological adjuvants that are known to augment specific
cell-mediated immune responses to the antigens and to promote the
formation of protective antibodies. This book contains the
proceedings of the 4th NATO Advanced Studies Institute (ASI)
"Vaccines: New Generation Immunological Adjuvants" held at Cape
Sounion Beach, Greece, during 24 June -5 . July 1994 and deals in
depth with both theoretical and practical aspects of vaccinology.
These include the role of antigen presenting cells in the induction
of immune responses. immunopotentiation by a variety of new
generation immunological adjuvants and vaccine carriers. and recent
advances and perspectives in experimental vaccines as well as
vaccinatioll with nucleic acids. We express our appreciation to Dr.
K. Dalsgaard and Dr. J. L. Virelizier for their cooperatioll in
planning the ASI and to Mrs. Concha Pening for her excellent
production of the manuscripts. The ASI was held under the
sponsorship of NATO Scientific Affairs Division and generously
co-sponsored by SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals (Philadelphia).
The NATO Advanced Studies Institute series "Targeting of Drugs" was
originated in 1981. It is now a major international forum, held
every two years in Cape Sounion, Greece, in which the present and
the future of this important area of research in drug delivery is
discussed in great depth. Previous ASIs of the series dealt with
drug carriers of natural and synthetic origin, their interactions
with the biological milieu, ways by which milieu interference is
circumvented, approaches to carrier design or modification that
contribute to optimal carrier function, and, more recently, with
strategies for gene and oligonucleotide delivery in therapy The
present book contains the proceedings of the 9th NATO ASI,
"Targeting of Drugs: Strategies for Stealth Therapeutic Systems,"
held in Cape Sounion during 24 June -5 July 1997. As the title
implies, the book deals with a variety of approaches to evade the
reticuloendothelial system and thus extend the circulation time of
a variety of delivery systems including polymers, biopolymers,
liposomes, and other nanoparticles or microparticles. We express
our appreciation to Mrs. Concha Perring for her assistance with the
organization of the AS . The ASI was held under the sponsorship of
NATO Scientific Affairs Division and supported by Sequus
Pharmaceuticals (Menlo Park, CA, USA), The Liposome Company
(Princeton, NJ, USA), NOVO Nordisk (Bagsvaard, Denmark), NeXstar
Pharmaceuticals (Boulder, CO, USA), Gene Medicine (Houston, TX,
USA), Pfizer Ltd (Sandwich, Kent, UK), Merck (Rahway, NJ, USA), and
Biovation Ltd (Aberdeen, UK).
During the last decade or so vaccine development has been
facilitated by rapid ad- vances in the molecular and cell biology
ofthe immune system. This has laid the foundations of a new
generation of vaccines exemplified by subunit vaccines produced
through gene cloning and by synthetic peptides mimicking small
regions ofproteins on the outer coat ofvi- ruses. However, as
subunit and peptide vaccines are only weakly or non-immunogenic,
there is areal need for strategies to improve their potency. This
book contains the proceedings of the 5th NATO Advanced Studies
Institute (ASI), "Vaccine Design: The Role of Cytokine Networks,"
held at Cape Sounion Beach, Greece, during 24 June-5 July 1996 and
deals in depth with the role ofbasic immunology in the regulation
of immunity and vaccine design. Special emphasis is given to the
use of cyto- kines in conjuction with vaccines with the aim
ofimproving their potency or the use ofvac- cines designed to
improve cytokine production. We express our appreciation to Dr.
J.-L. Virelizier and Dr. G. Kollias for their cooperation in
planning the ASI and to Mrs. Concha Perring for her excellent
production ofthe manuscripts. The ASI was held under the sponsor-
ship of NATO Scientific Affairs Division and generously
co-sponsored by SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals (Philadelphia).
Financial assistance was also provided by Connaught Laboratories
Ltd. (Ontario), Pasteur Merieux (Marcy I 'Etoile), Biochine
(Siena), Help SA (Athens), and Avanti Polar Lipids Inc.
(Birmingham, USA).
The 19 papers explore a variety of systems in terms of their
ability to transport nucleic acids to target areas in vitro and in
vivo in ways that effectively modify, supplement, correct, or
curtail the function of genes in therapy. Among the topics are
cystic fibrosis, immune responses with direct g
During the last decade or so vaccine development has been
facilitated by rapid advances in molecular and cell biology. These
have laid the foundations of a new generation of vaccines
exemplified by subunit vaccines produced through gene cloning and
by synthetic peptides mimicking small regions of proteins on the
outer coat of viruses. Such peptide~ are capable of eliciting
virus-neutralizing antibodies. Unfortunately, subunit and peptide
vaccines are only weakly or non immunogenic in the absence of
immunological adjuvants that are known to augment specific
cell-mediated immune responses to the antigens and to promote the
formation of protective antibodies. This book contains the
proceedings of the 4th NATO Advanced Studies Institute (ASI)
"Vaccines: New Generation Immunological Adjuvants" held at Cape
Sounion Beach, Greece, during 24 June -5 . July 1994 and deals in
depth with both theoretical and practical aspects of vaccinology.
These include the role of antigen presenting cells in the induction
of immune responses. immunopotentiation by a variety of new
generation immunological adjuvants and vaccine carriers. and recent
advances and perspectives in experimental vaccines as well as
vaccinatioll with nucleic acids. We express our appreciation to Dr.
K. Dalsgaard and Dr. J. L. Virelizier for their cooperatioll in
planning the ASI and to Mrs. Concha Pening for her excellent
production of the manuscripts. The ASI was held under the
sponsorship of NATO Scientific Affairs Division and generously
co-sponsored by SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals (Philadelphia).
The NATO Advanced Studies Institute series "Targeting of Drugs" was
originated in 1981. It is now a major international forum, held
every two years in Cape Sounion, Greece, in which the present and
the future of this important area of research in drug delivery is
discussed in great depth. Previous ASIs of the series dealt with
drug carriers of natural and synthetic origin, their interaction
with the biological milieu, ways by which the latter influences
such interaction, strategies by which milieu interference
curtailing the function of drug carriers is circumvented and, more
recently, with the application of drug carriers for the delivery of
peptides and proteins. The present book contains the of the 7th
NATO ASI "Targeting of Drugs: Advances in System Constructs,"
proceedings held in Cape Sounion during 24 June -5 July 1993. As
the title implies, the book deals with a variety of approaches to
carrier design or modification that contribute to optimal carrier
function. to Mrs Concha Perring for her assistance with the We
express our appreciation organization of the ASI. We thank Dr. G.
Deliconstantinos who, as chairperson of the Local Committee,
contributed to the success of the Institute. The ASI was held under
the sponsorship of NATO Scientific Affairs Division and
co-sponsored and generously financed by SmithKline Beecham
Pharmaceuticals (King of Prussia). Financial assistance was also
provided by Liposome Technology Inc. (Menlo Park), Vestar Inc. (San
Dimas) and Zeneka (Macclesfield).
During the last decade or so vaccine development has been
facilitated by rapid ad- vances in the molecular and cell biology
ofthe immune system. This has laid the foundations of a new
generation of vaccines exemplified by subunit vaccines produced
through gene cloning and by synthetic peptides mimicking small
regions ofproteins on the outer coat ofvi- ruses. However, as
subunit and peptide vaccines are only weakly or non-immunogenic,
there is areal need for strategies to improve their potency. This
book contains the proceedings of the 5th NATO Advanced Studies
Institute (ASI), "Vaccine Design: The Role of Cytokine Networks,"
held at Cape Sounion Beach, Greece, during 24 June-5 July 1996 and
deals in depth with the role ofbasic immunology in the regulation
of immunity and vaccine design. Special emphasis is given to the
use of cyto- kines in conjuction with vaccines with the aim
ofimproving their potency or the use ofvac- cines designed to
improve cytokine production. We express our appreciation to Dr.
J.-L. Virelizier and Dr. G. Kollias for their cooperation in
planning the ASI and to Mrs. Concha Perring for her excellent
production ofthe manuscripts. The ASI was held under the sponsor-
ship of NATO Scientific Affairs Division and generously
co-sponsored by SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals (Philadelphia).
Financial assistance was also provided by Connaught Laboratories
Ltd. (Ontario), Pasteur Merieux (Marcy I 'Etoile), Biochine
(Siena), Help SA (Athens), and Avanti Polar Lipids Inc.
(Birmingham, USA).
Dendritic Cells; J.M. Austyn. The Multiple Accessory Cell Concept;
M. Van Rooijen. Sythetic Peptides and the Role of T-Helper Cell
Determinants; M.J. Francis. Carriers for Peptides; M.J. Francis.
Co-Entrapment of T-Cell and B-Cell Peptides in Liposomes Overcomes
Genetic Restriction in Mice and Induces Immunological Memory; G.
Gregoriadis, et al. Preparation and Characterization of Stable
Liposomal Hepatitis B Vaccine; D. Diminsky, et al. Initiation of
Immune Response with ISCOM; B. Morein, et al. Nanoparticles as
Potent Aduvants for Vaccines; J. Kreuter. Optimization of Carriers
and Adjuvants; A. Snidjders, et al. Immunotargeting as an Adjuvant
Independent Subunit Vaccine Design Option; D.L. Skea, B.H. Barber.
BCG Vaccine; M.J. Groves, et al. Significance of Virulence Factors
and ImmunoEvasion for the Design of Gene-Deleted Herpesvirus Marker
Vaccines; S. Kit. Eradication of Sylvatic Rabies Using a Live
Recombinant Vaccinia-vRabies Vaccine; M.P. Kieny, et al. 7
additional articles. Index.
The Use of Derivatives of MSH for Targeting to Melanomas In Vivo;
D.R. Bard, et al. The Development of Ricin AChain Immunotoxins for
Clinical Trials in Patients with Hodgkin's Disease; A. Angert, P.
Thorpe. Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins from Sponaria Officinalis;
M.R. Soria, et al. Targeting with IgG and Immunoliposomes to
Circulating Cells; D.J.A. Crommelin, et al. Liposome and
Immunoliposome Mediated Delivery of Proteins and Peptides; L.
Huang, F. Zhou. Sterically Stabilized Liposomes as Drug Carriers;
A. Gabizon, et al. Liposomes as Immunological Adjuvants; G.
Gregoriadis. Targeting Proteins to Antigen-Presenting Cells and
Induction of Cytokines as a Basis for Adjuvant Activity; A.C.
Allison, N.E. Byars. Oral Administration of Peptides; M. Saffran.
Oral Administration of Insulin; M. Saffran. Neuropeptide-Mediated
Growth of Normal and Cancer Cells; E. Rozengurt, T. Sethi.
Bacterial Vectors to Target and/or Purify Polypeptides; M. Hofnung,
et al. Index.
Dendritic Cells in the Induction of Immunity.- Escape Mechanisms of
Viruses from Immune Responses and Their Relevance to Vaccine
Design.- Enhanced Immunogenicity of Recombinant and Synthetic
Peptide Vaccines.- Immunomodulation by Adjuvants.- Use of Syntex
Adjuvant Formulation to Enhance Immune Responses to Viral
Antigens.- Influenza Vaccines and the Wyeth-Ayerst Experience with
Syntex Adjuvant.- Nonionic Block Polymer Surfactants as Adjuvants
in Vaccines.- Effects of Added Cytokines on Immune Responses and
Memory.- The Assessment and Use of Adjuvants.- Efficient
Anti-Idiotypic Immunization with Homologous, Virus Neutralizing
Monoclonal Antibodies Conjugated with KLH and Combined with Quil
A.- Protein Conformation Affects the Efficacy of Pertussis
Vaccines.- Vaccination Against Epstein-Barr Virus.- Adenovirus
Vectored Vaccines.- Vaccines Against Bacterial Infections of
Children.- Current Progress and Future Trends in Birth Control
Vaccines.- Contributors.
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