This book set introduces "multiple-valued quantum-DNA computing" and "multiple-valued DNA-quantum computing", a noble combination of quantum physics and molecular biology. Multiple-Valued Computing in Quantum Molecular Biology, Two Volume Set, is a blend of quantum physics and theoretical computer science that allows it to be more unique and faster than current silicon-based multiple-valued computing systems. Multiple-valued Quantum computing is an exciting topic for multiple-valued computing systems since it addresses many problematic multiple-valued traditional computer concerns. Volume one, Multiple-Valued Computing in Quantum Molecular Biology: Arithmetic and Combinational Circuits, introduces Multiple-Valued Quantum Computing and DNA Computing. It contains the basic understandings of Multiple-Valued Quantum Computing, Multiple-Valued DNA Computing. Part two reviews heat calculation, speed calculation, heat transfer, data conversion and data management in multivalued quantum, DNA, quantum-DNA and DNA-quantum computing. Part three discusses multiple-valued logic operations in quantum and DNA computing such as ternary AND, NAND, OR, NOR, XOR, XNOR, multiple-valued arithmetic operations such as adder, multiplier, and divider. Part four explains multiple-valued quantum and DNA combinational circuits such as multiple-valued DNA-quantum and quantum-DNA multiplexer, demultiplexer, encoder, and decoder. Volume two, Multiple-Valued Computing in Quantum Molecular Biology: Sequential Circuits, Memory Devices, Programmable Logic Devices, and Nano Processors, discusses multiple-valued quantum and DNA sequential circuits such as D flip-flop, SR latch, SR flip-flop, JK flip-flop, T flip-flop, shift register, ripple counter, synchronous counter are described with the applications and working procedures. Part two discusses the architecture and design procedure of memory devices such as Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Programmable Read Only memory (PROM) in multiple-valued quantum, DNA, quantum-DNA, and DNA-quantum computing. Part three examines programmable logic devices such as Programmable Logic Array (PLA), Programmable Array Logic (PAL), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), and Complex Programmable Logic Device (CPLD) in multiple-valued quantum, DNA, quantum-DNA and DNA-quantum computing are described with their architectures and working principles. Part four explores the designs and algorithms of Multiple-valued quantum, DNA, quantum-DNA and DNA-quantum nano processors. This book set will be of interest to those working in Quantum Computing, DNA Computing, Quantum-DNA Computing and DNA-Quantum Computing researchers, as well as graduate level students.

This new volume, Health Benefits of Secondary Phytocompounds from Plant and Marine Sources, looks at a selection of important issues and research topics on phytochemicals in plant-based therapeutics, covering bioactive compounds from both plant and marine sources. Natural products and their bioactive compounds are increasingly utilized in preventive and therapeutic medication, as pharmaceutical supplements, as well as in functional foods and nutraceuticals, all of which have potentially positive effects on health and have preventive and curative properties for various diseases and health conditions. The first section of the book, on Bioactive Compounds from Plant Sources, describes the concept of extraction of bioactive molecules from plant sources, both conventional and modern extraction techniques, available sources, biochemistry, structural composition, and potential biological activities. Advanced extraction techniques, such as enzyme-assisted, microwave-assisted, ultrasound-assisted, pressurized liquid extraction, and super critical extraction techniques, are described in detail.

This book compiles the fundamentals of friction in manufacturing processes, and the application of tribology in advanced manufacturing. Covering topics such as 3D printing, green lubrication, laser sintering and industry 4.0, the book enables cost effective and environmentally friendly manufacturing processes. Reducing energy consumption, production time and cost and improving plant productivity, sustainable tribology is a key part of modern manufacturing processes. With a key focus on broadening the application of tribology in sustainable manufacturing, the book integrates cutting edge research from international contributors. Topics included involve machine learning, micro-machining, friction stir welding and metal forming. It also discusses the tribological properties of advanced materials and coatings, and how to model tribology in manufacturing processes. This book will be of interest to engineers and students in the field of machining, tribology, additive manufacturing, surface engineering and coating.

Covers the various pharmacological and therapeutic aspects of bioactive compounds. Analyses their methods of extraction, their phytochemistry, their pharmacological and biological activities, their medicinal properties, and their applications for disease management and prevention.

Discusses various design aspects of multiple-valued logic DNA-quantum and quantum-DNA sequential circuits, memory devices, programmable logic devices and nano-processors Presents how multiple-valued quantum, DNA, quantum-DNA and DNA-quantum nano processors are designed with algorithms Examines the architecture and design procedure of memory devices such as Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM) Reviews the designs and algorithms of Multiple-valued quantum, DNA, quantum-DNA and DNA-quantum nano processors.

This book focuses on the design methodologies of various quantum circuits, DNA circuits, DNA-quantum circuits and quantum-DNA circuits. It considers the merits and challenges of multivalued logic circuits in quantum, DNA, quantum-DNA and DNA-quantum computing. Multiple-Valued Computing in Quantum Molecular Biology: Arithmetic and Combinational Circuits is Volume 1 of a two-volume set. From fundamentals to advanced levels, this book discusses different multiple-valued logic DNA-quantum and quantum-DNA circuits. The text consists of four parts. Part I introduces multiple-valued quantum computing and DNA computing. It contains the basic understanding of multiple-valued quantum computing, multiple-valued DNA computing, multiple-valued quantum-DNA computing and multiple-valued DNA-quantum computing. Part II examines heat calculation, speed calculation, heat transfer, data conversion and data management in multi-valued quantum, DNA, quantum-DNA and DNA-quantum computing. Part III discusses multiple-valued logic operations in quantum and DNA computing such as ternary AND, NAND, OR, NOR, XOR, XNOR and multiple-valued arithmetic operations such as adder, multiplier, divider and more. Quantum-DNA and DNA-quantum multiple-valued arithmetic operations are also explained in this section. Part IV explains multiple-valued quantum and DNA combinational circuits such as multiple-valued DNA-quantum and quantum-DNA multiplexer, demultiplexer, encoder and decoder. This book will be of great help to researchers and students in quantum computing, DNA computing, quantum-DNA computing and DNA-quantum computing researchers.

Principles and Reactions of Protein Extraction, Purification, and Characterization provides the mechanisms and experimental procedures for classic to cutting-edge techniques used in protein extraction, purification, and characterization. The author presents the principles and reactions behind each procedure and uses tables to compare the different methods. The book also discusses the development of antibodies and immunochemical techniques as tools for characterizing proteins and modified proteins such as glycoproteins. Helpful illustrations, diagrams, and tables effectively transform theoretical concepts into practical knowledge. Along with methodical working procedures for most techniques, the book also offers useful advice on which technique to use and when to apply a particular method. Presenting the advantages and disadvantages of the various protein techniques, Principles and Reactions of Protein Extraction, Purification, and Characterization enables students and researchers to master the mechanisms behind the protocols and choose the best method for their purposes.

This new volume discusses the multitude of possibilities for new development in nanotechnology that focuses on overcoming the problems and challenges faced by the biomedical and food industries. The volume hopes to facilitate the development of devices and materials that benefit patients and their healthcare. The book is broken into three parts that cover: nanotechnology techniques for biomedical applications nanoparticles and materials for food, health, and pharmaceutical application potential applications of nanotechnology in food safety

The book provides general knowledge of automatic control engineering and its applications. Providing an overview of control theory and systems, the chapters introduce transfer functions, modeling of control systems, automatic control systems, block diagrams, and signal flow graphs. While control system analysis and design are accompanied by root-locus methods and frequency response analyses, distributed control systems, nonlinarity in control systems including Z-transformation are also presented. With straightforward demonstrations, examples, and multiple-choice questions, this book can be used as a reference textbook for electrical and electronics engineering, computer control engineering, automation engineering, mechatronics engineering, mechanics, robotics, AI control systems, hydraulics, process engineering, safety control engineering, aeronautical and aerospace engineering, auto-pilot system, decision-making system, and stock exchange, and will be suitable for majors, non-majors, and experts in the field of science and technology.

This volume provides informative research on the scientific evidence of the health benefits that can be derived from medicinal plants and how their efficacies can be improved. It is divided into three sections that cover the phytochemistry of medicinal plants, disease management with medicinal plants, and novel research techniques in medicinal plants. The pharmacological benefits of several specific plants are discussed, addressing health issues such as metabolic and mental disorders, acute mountain sickness, polycystic ovarian syndrome, and specific diseases such as Huntington's. It also looks at the role of antioxidants in disease management. Additionally, the book covers recent problems of drug resistance and how medicinal plants can serve as antibiotic, anthelmintic, and antiparasitic drugs that will be helpful for human and animals.

Plant-Based Functional Foods and Phytochemicals: From Traditional Knowledge to Present Innovation covers the importance of the therapeutic health benefits of phytochemicals derived from plants. It discusses the isolation of potential bioactive molecules from plant sources along with their value to human health. It focuses on physical characteristics, uniqueness, uses, distribution, traditional and nutritional importance, bioactivities, and future trends of different plant-based foods and food products. Functional foods, beyond providing basic nutrition, may offer a potentially positive effect on health and cures for various disease conditions, such as metabolic disorders (including diabetes), cancer, and chronic inflammatory reactions. The volume looks at these natural products and their bioactive compounds that are increasingly utilized in preventive and therapeutic medications and in the production of pharmaceutical supplements and as food additives to increase functionality. It also describes the concept of extraction of bioactive molecules from plant sources, both conventional and modern extraction techniques, available sources, biochemistry, structural composition, and potential biological activities.

Very Large-Scale Integration (VLSI) creates an integrated circuit (IC) by combining thousands of transistors into a single chip. While designing a circuit, reduction of power consumption is a great challenge. VLSI designs reduce the size of circuits which eventually reduces the power consumption of the devices. However, it increases the complexity of the digital system. Therefore, computer-aided design tools are introduced into hardware design processes. Unlike the general-purpose computer, an embedded system is engineered to manage a wide range of processing tasks. Single or multiple processing cores manage embedded systems in the form of microcontrollers, digital signal processors, field-programmable gate arrays, and application-specific integrated circuits. Security threats have become a significant issue since most embedded systems lack security even more than personal computers. Many embedded systems hacking tools are readily available on the internet. Hacking in the PDAs and modems is a pervasive example of embedded systems hacking. This book explores the designs of VLSI circuits and embedded systems. These two vast topics are divided into four parts. In the book's first part, the Decision Diagrams (DD) have been covered. DDs have extensively used Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software to synthesize circuits and formal verification. The book's second part mainly covers the design architectures of Multiple-Valued Logic (MVL) Circuits. MVL circuits offer several potential opportunities to improve present VLSI circuit designs. The book's third part deals with Programmable Logic Devices (PLD). PLDs can be programmed to incorporate a complex logic function within a single IC for VLSI circuits and Embedded Systems. The fourth part of the book concentrates on the design architectures of Complex Digital Circuits of Embedded Systems. As a whole, from this book, core researchers, academicians, and students will get the complete picture of VLSI Circuits and Embedded Systems and their applications.

Advanced Materials-Based Fluids for Thermal Systems focuses on new advanced materials called nanofluids that can be used to maximize heat transfer rates by adding nanoparticles (nanocomposites) into conventional heat transfer fluids. This comprehensive resource covers fundamentals, brief history, definitions, literature review, an introduction to thermophysical properties, and heat transfer characteristics with mathematical models, techniques, performance-affecting factors, applications, and challenges of hybrid nanofluids. The book includes thermal characteristics, measurement, design, and applications of nanoparticles, as well as up-to-date advances in thermal engineering. Sections cover basics then advance to major topics with mathematical models, schematic diagrams, and summaries of experimental work of different researchers. The book also summarizes previous research and contemporary advances on nanofluids worldwide and introduces new techniques, resolving existing problems, and includes tactics on the implementation in practical applications.

This informative volume provides new insights with scientific evidence on the uses of medicinal plants in the treatment of certain diseases. It reviews various therapies with herbal phytoconstituents for certain types of disorders, modes of action, and pharmacological screening. It focuses on potential benefits of herbal extracts and bioactive compounds for human health care, provides a comparative phytoconstituent analysis of selected medicinal plants using GCMS/FTIR techniques, and discusses the role of herbal medicines in female genital infections. It goes on to look at the health-boosting properties of cabbage and the functional properties of milk yam (Ipomoea digitata L.).

Phytochemicals from Medicinal Plants: Scope, Applications and Potential Health Claims explores the importance of medicinal plants and their potential benefits for human health. This book looks at bioactive compounds from medicinal plants, the health benefits of bioactive compounds, the applications of plant-based products in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The first section discusses available sources of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants, biochemistry, structural composition, potential biological activities, and how bioactive molecules are isolated from medicinal plants. The authors examine the applications of bioactive molecules from a health perspective, looking at the pharmacological aspects of medicinal plants, the phytochemical and biological activities of different natural products, and ethnobotany/and medicinal properties, and also present a novel dietary approach for disease management. The book goes on to examine the plant-based products are used and can be used in various sectors of the food and pharmaceutical industries.

This new volume, Nanotechnology Applications in Dairy Science, is designed to provide new insight into the utilization of nanotechnology in dairy science and food science. It focuses on applications of nanotechnology in packaging and drying of dairy and meat products, nanofiltration use in the dairy industry, and whey processing and dairy encapsulation. In addition, this book will facilitate the necessary understanding of the different aspects and concerns with regard to the new technological advances that nanotechnologies are contributing to the dairy industry. It also addresses several of the challenges that are overcome by the continuing development of nanotechnology applications in the food and dairy industries. Nanotechnology has the potential to provide healthier, safer, and better tasting foods as well as improved food packaging. It will also play a major role in food safety and agricultural sustainability. Nanotechnology application in the food industry has also contributed to the exponential progress in research and new material formulations due to its unique physicochemical properties useful to a number of other fields.

This new book deals with recent advanced research on natural products and health-promoting foods that work to reduce the risk of diseases while enhancing overall well-being. Plant-based functional foods are known to contain compounds (also referred to as phytochemicals) in the leaves, stems, flowers, and fruits of certain plants. These plant products are drawing the attention of researchers because of their demonstrated beneficial effects against disease, particularly diabetes, hypertension, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, among others. The medicinal and nutritional use of plant secondary metabolites is a hot topic and has been receiving extensive attention from both health professionals and the public. This book presents new information on the extraction of bioactive compounds from plants, plant-based drugs, and the innovative use of plant-based drugs for human health.

Plant-Based Functional Foods and Phytochemicals: From Traditional Knowledge to Present Innovation covers the importance of the therapeutic health benefits of phytochemicals derived from plants. It discusses the isolation of potential bioactive molecules from plant sources along with their value to human health. It focuses on physical characteristics, uniqueness, uses, distribution, traditional and nutritional importance, bioactivities, and future trends of different plant-based foods and food products. Functional foods, beyond providing basic nutrition, may offer a potentially positive effect on health and cures for various disease conditions, such as metabolic disorders (including diabetes), cancer, and chronic inflammatory reactions. The volume looks at these natural products and their bioactive compounds that are increasingly utilized in preventive and therapeutic medications and in the production of pharmaceutical supplements and as food additives to increase functionality. It also describes the concept of extraction of bioactive molecules from plant sources, both conventional and modern extraction techniques, available sources, biochemistry, structural composition, and potential biological activities.

This new volume, Health Benefits of Secondary Phytocompounds from Plant and Marine Sources, looks at a selection of important issues and research topics on phytochemicals in plant-based therapeutics, covering bioactive compounds from both plant and marine sources. Natural products and their bioactive compounds are increasingly utilized in preventive and therapeutic medication, as pharmaceutical supplements, as well as in functional foods and nutraceuticals, all of which have potentially positive effects on health and have preventive and curative properties for various diseases and health conditions. The first section of the book, on Bioactive Compounds from Plant Sources, describes the concept of extraction of bioactive molecules from plant sources, both conventional and modern extraction techniques, available sources, biochemistry, structural composition, and potential biological activities. Advanced extraction techniques, such as enzyme-assisted, microwave-assisted, ultrasound-assisted, pressurized liquid extraction, and super critical extraction techniques, are described in detail.

This new volume explores the importance of phytochemicals from plants in therapeutics, focusing on the extraction of bioactive compounds and their applications in human health. Natural products and their bioactive compounds are increasingly utilized in preventive and therapeutic medication as well as for the production of pharmaceutical supplements and, more recently, as food additives to increase the functionality of foods. The first section of the volume describes recent advances in the extraction of bioactive compounds from various sources. It looks at advanced extraction techniques such as enzyme-assisted, microwave-assisted, ultrasound-assisted, pressurized liquid extraction, and supercritical extraction techniques. Part 2, on bioactive compounds and health claims, covers the roles of different bioactive compounds and their health-promoting potential for lifestyle diseases. This section explains the botany, physical characteristics, uniqueness, uses, distribution, importance, phytochemistry, bioactivities, and future trends of different functional foods.

Focusing on the importance of functional foods and their secondary metabolites for human health, this volume presents new insights with scientific evidence on the use of functional foods in the treatment of certain diseases. The plants covered and their bioactive compounds are easily accessible and are believed to be effective with fewer side effects in comparison with modern drugs in the treatment of different diseases. The plants contain chemical compounds that can modify and modulate biological systems, eliciting therapeutic effects. Some plants and derived products mentioned include black carrot, olive oil, citrus peel, grapes, candy leaf, cereals and grains, and green and black tea. The volume is divided into four sections that cover these topics: Functional foods for human health: the available sources, biochemistry, structural composition, and different biological activities, especially antioxidant activity. Pharmacological aspects of fruits and vegetables: the extraction of bioactive molecules, phytochemistry, and biological activities of a selection of plants. Pharmacological aspects of natural products: bioactive compounds, structural attributes, bioactivity of anthocyanin, piceatannol, and a review of the ethnobotany and medicinal properties of green and black tea. Pharmacological aspects of cereals and grains: the health benefits of flaxseed, wheatgrass juice, and use and therapeutic potential as supplements for disease management.

This new volume, Nanotechnology Applications in Dairy Science, is designed to provide new insight into the utilization of nanotechnology in dairy science and food science. It focuses on applications of nanotechnology in packaging and drying of dairy and meat products, nanofiltration use in the dairy industry, and whey processing and dairy encapsulation. In addition, this book will facilitate the necessary understanding of the different aspects and concerns with regard to the new technological advances that nanotechnologies are contributing to the dairy industry. It also addresses several of the challenges that are overcome by the continuing development of nanotechnology applications in the food and dairy industries. Nanotechnology has the potential to provide healthier, safer, and better tasting foods as well as improved food packaging. It will also play a major role in food safety and agricultural sustainability. Nanotechnology application in the food industry has also contributed to the exponential progress in research and new material formulations due to its unique physicochemical properties useful to a number of other fields.

Focusing on the importance of functional foods and their secondary metabolites for human health, this volume presents new insights with scientific evidence on the use of functional foods in the treatment of certain diseases. The plants covered and their bioactive compounds are easily accessible and are believed to be effective with fewer side effects in comparison with modern drugs in the treatment of different diseases. The plants contain chemical compounds that can modify and modulate biological systems, eliciting therapeutic effects. Some plants and derived products mentioned include black carrot, olive oil, citrus peel, grapes, candy leaf, cereals and grains, and green and black tea. The volume is divided into four sections that cover these topics: Functional foods for human health: the available sources, biochemistry, structural composition, and different biological activities, especially antioxidant activity. Pharmacological aspects of fruits and vegetables: the extraction of bioactive molecules, phytochemistry, and biological activities of a selection of plants. Pharmacological aspects of natural products: bioactive compounds, structural attributes, bioactivity of anthocyanin, piceatannol, and a review of the ethnobotany and medicinal properties of green and black tea. Pharmacological aspects of cereals and grains: the health benefits of flaxseed, wheatgrass juice, and use and therapeutic potential as supplements for disease management.