This book discusses current evidence on human viruses and provides an extensive coverage of newly emerged viruses and current strategies for treatment. Offering a new perspective in view of the re-emergence of Ebola in African countries and Dengue in India and Pakistan, the contents include chapters on emergence, pathogenicity, epidemiology and vaccine uptake. Human Viruses: Diseases, Treatments and Vaccines: The New Insights discusses a range of viruses from the most common such as Influenza and Hepatitis to Zika, Poliomyelitis and Chikungunya among many others. It is authored by a team of experts on viral disease and will be of immense use to virologists, public health experts and clinicians.

Mitochondria produce the chemical energy necessary for eukaryotic cell functions; hence mitochondria are an essential component of health, playing roles in both disease and aging. More than 80 human diseases and syndromes are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction; this book focuses upon diseases linked to these ubiquitous organelles. Accumulation of mitochondrial DNA damage results in mitochondrial dysfunction through two main pathways. Mutation in mitochondrial DNA causes diseases such as Kearns-Sayre syndrome and Pearson syndrome. Mutation in chromosomal DNA causes diseases such as Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. These and many other diseases are reviewed in this book. Key Features Presents the detailed structure of mitochondria, mitochondrial function, roles of oxidants and antioxidants in mitochondrial dysfunction. Includes summary of both causes and effects of these diseases. Discusses current and potential future therapies for mitochondrial dysfunction diseases Explores a wide variety of diseases caused by dysfunctional mitochondria.

This book is a detailed and comprehensive synthesis of the scientific study of aging. Dozens of contributions from leading scholars review various theories of aging, and molecular, cellular, biochemical and microbial aspects of aging, among just a few of the topics included. Authoritative, wide ranging and thorough, this book will act as a source for experimental design, a comprehensive description of age related diseases, and provide information of the latest molecular theories underlying their causes. Additionally, it will target industries involved in developing anti-aging drugs, post-graduate medical students, and university libraries.

Unlike other narrowly focused books, Reactive Oxygen Species in Biology and Human Health provides a comprehensive overview of ROS. It covers the current status of research and provides pointers to future research goals. Additionally, it authoritatively reviews the impact of reactive oxygen species with respect to various human diseases and discusses antioxidants and other compounds that counteract oxidative stress. Comprised of seven sections, the first section describes the introduction, detection, and production of ROS, emphasizing phenolic compounds and vitamin E for their abilities to act as antioxidants. This section also highlights the role of lipoprotein-associated oxidative stress. Section two addresses the importance of iron accumulation in the brain resulting in the development of a group of neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) and identifies several causative genes for neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) associated with Parkinsonism-related disorders. The third section discusses a number of NDs, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis (MS). Section four addresses autoimmune diseases caused by ROS, including asthma, autoimmune liver diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, thyroid disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, and systemic lupus. Section five analyzes a number of different cancers, including lung cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma, along with possible treatment regimens. Section six discusses cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) induced by ROS, presents the ROS-associated complex biochemical processes inducing inflammation as an important cause of CVDs, and explains the roles carotenoids play in preventing CVDs. The final section addresses other human diseases induced by oxidative stress, including sickle cell disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, retinopathy, fibromyalgia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, pulmonary hypertension, infertility, and aging of human skin.

Diabetes is a complex disease and is also one of the most common. It is very difficult to reach an accurate estimate for the global prevalence of diabetes since the standards and methods of data collection vary widely in different parts of the world. In addition, many potential sufferers are not included in the count because according to an estimate about 50% of cases remain undiagnosed for up to 10 years. However, according to an estimate for 2010, globally, there are about 285 million people (amounting to 6.4% of the adult population) suffering from this disease. This number is estimated to increase to 439 million by 2030 if no cure is found. The general increase in life expectancy, leading to an ageing population, and the global rise in obesity are two main reasons for the increase.

With the basic platform set, Editor presents his views and advice tothe readers, especially to diabetic patients suffering from T2DM, on the basis ofhis observations and information collected from other diabetics.

Mitochondria produce the chemical energy necessary for eukaryotic cell functions; hence mitochondria are an essential component of health, playing roles in both disease and aging. More than 80 human diseases and syndromes are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction; this book focuses upon diseases linked to these ubiquitous organelles. Accumulation of mitochondrial DNA damage results in mitochondrial dysfunction through two main pathways. Mutation in mitochondrial DNA causes diseases such as Kearns-Sayre syndrome and Pearson syndrome. Mutation in chromosomal DNA causes diseases such as Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia. These and many other diseases are reviewed in this book. Key Features Presents the detailed structure of mitochondria, mitochondrial function, roles of oxidants and antioxidants in mitochondrial dysfunction. Includes summary of both causes and effects of these diseases. Discusses current and potential future therapies for mitochondrial dysfunction diseases Explores a wide variety of diseases caused by dysfunctional mitochondria.

""This monograph, written by 49 authors... will be... a useful introduction and companion for students and scientists studying the rhizosphere and its co-existing microorganisms... it can [also] be recommended for botanists, gardeners and foresters."" -Biotechnology Journal

Here, an extremely experienced team of authors from five different continents provides a timely review of progress in the use and exploitation of soil bacteria to improve crop and plant growth. They present novel ideas on how to grow better, more successful crops, in an environmentally sound way, making this invaluable reading for those working in the pharmaceutical, biotechnological and agricultural industries.

The market-leading at a Glance series is popular among students and newly qualified practitioners for its concise and simple approach and excellent illustrations. Each bite-sized chapter is covered in a double-page spread with clear, easy-to-follow diagrams, supported by succinct explanatory text. Covering a wide range of topics, books in the at a Glance series are ideal as introductory texts for teaching, learning and revision and are useful throughout university and beyond. Everything you need to know about Prosthodontics... at a Glance! Prosthodontics at a Glance is the must-have companion for all dentistry students and practitioners interested in oral rehabilitation with artificial prostheses. Brief userfriendly chapters allow for rapid reference to all major sub-topics of prosthodontic dentistry, including treatment planning, decision making, periodontal and endodontic considerations, posts and cores, tooth preparation, dental implants, occlusion procedures, dental restorations, aesthetics, and more. The second edition incorporates the latest techniques and scientific advances in prosthodontics, featuring 25 brand-new chapters on topics such as digital dentistry, bioactive materials, artificial intelligence, tissue engineering, stem cells, ethical considerations in elective dental procedures, dental laser technology, and the use of CAD/CAM applications in the clinic and dental laboratory. Written by a knowledgeable clinician, Prosthodontics at a Glance 2nd Edition: Contains extensively updated and expanded material throughout Covers the spectrum of prosthodontic treatments, including intra- and extra-coronal restorations, and removable prostheses Features new coverage of 3D printing, intra-oral scanners, digital workflows and diagnoses, smile design, shade assessment, and facial enhancement using dermal fillers Includes full colour diagrams and clinical photographs Prosthodontics at a Glance 2nd Edition is an invaluable resource for dental students preparing for examinations, as well as for working dental care professionals looking for an easy-to-use reference guide.

This book discusses current evidence on human viruses and provides an extensive coverage of newly emerged viruses and current strategies for treatment. Offering a new perspective in view of the re-emergence of Ebola in African countries and Dengue in India and Pakistan, the contents include chapters on emergence, pathogenicity, epidemiology and vaccine uptake. Human Viruses: Diseases, Treatments and Vaccines: The New Insights discusses a range of viruses from the most common such as Influenza and Hepatitis to Zika, Poliomyelitis and Chikungunya among many others. It is authored by a team of experts on viral disease and will be of immense use to virologists, public health experts and clinicians.

An accessible, one-stop guide to getting the most out of dental photography in clinical practice Dental photography is an increasingly important part of dental care in general practices, hospitals, and specialist clinics. The uses of dental photographs are numerous, such as monitoring treatment outcomes, educating patients, promoting services, and providing evidence for litigation or regulatory purposes. Essentials of Dental Photography is a user-friendly guide to incorporating dental photographs into daily practice. Containing real-world advice and proven techniques, this book helps clinicians understand and apply the fundamental principles of dental photography. Accessible chapters cover every major aspect of dental photography and answer the most common questions asked by clinicians. Step-by-step instructions show readers how to select the correct photographic and dental equipment, setup equipment for a variety of dental procedures, process images using photo-editing software, and more. The author, a recognised expert in the field, explain the basic concepts of dental photography and how to create high-quality, predictable and repeatable images. Providing an easy-to-follow roadmap to exceptional dental photographs, this practical guide: Covers all the basic concepts, equipment, and techniques of dental photography Illustrates the photographic setups for both intra- and extra-oral images Provides recommendations for appropriate types of cameras, lenses, flashes, reflectors, tripods, and software Discusses photographic archiving, electronic dissemination, printing, publishing, and presenting images Essentials of Dental Photography is a valuable guide for dental practitioners and new graduates looking to learn dental photography and apply it in practice.

Diabetes is a complex disease and is also one of the most common. It is very difficult to reach an accurate estimate for the global prevalence of diabetes since the standards and methods of data collection vary widely in different parts of the world. In addition, many potential sufferers are not included in the count because according to an estimate about 50% of cases remain undiagnosed for up to 10 years. However, according to an estimate for 2010, globally, there are about 285 million people (amounting to 6.4% of the adult population) suffering from this disease. This number is estimated to increase to 439 million by 2030 if no cure is found. The general increase in life expectancy, leading to an ageing population, and the global rise in obesity are two main reasons for the increase.With the basic platform set, Editor presents his views and advice to the readers, especially to diabetic patients suffering from T2DM, on the basis of his observations and information collected from other diabetics.

Distinctively pairing video footage and role-play scenarios, How to Pass the CSA Exam presents a broad range of consultations in the most common clinical areas a trainee or GP ST3 is likely to encounter, to reinforce core knowledge and skills. Cases cover the entire CSA case selection blueprint, with a range of acute, chronic, undifferentiated, psychosocial and preventative cases in the different disease areas. The two DVDs feature over 3 hours of consultations drawn from real life experience, with step-by-step explanations and points highlighted for examination, and include filmed panel discussion and feedback. The accompanying guidebook mirrors the video content, with explanatory text, advice on how the exam works and how role players are briefed, 'CSA Plus' resources on broader issues encountered in everyday general practice, and links to relevant guidelines, e-learning modules, and further resources. Developed by GP trainers, educators and programme directors based on their vast understanding of the consultation and exam process and proven experience, How to Pass the CSA Exam is a thorough and systematic companion to preparing for these examinations to help you optimise your skills and prepare for early practice life. Includes consultations in: Diabetes Depression Back pain Dementia Breaking bad news DVDs feature: 12 consultations (with trainee reflection and trainer feedback) (Duration approx. 180 minutes) Top tips from round-table discussions with trainees who recently passed the CSA exam (Duration approx. 30 minutes) The authors of How to Pass the CSA Exam also provide a high quality, up-to-date and comprehensive course specifically designed for excelling in the MRCGP exam, featuring mock AKT paper and CSA exam with actors as role-players. For full details, visit www.londonmrcgp.co.uk

This book brings a comprehensive treatise about obesity, examining the measures that can be taken to stop and even reduce obesity if these right measures are taken in time. Recent studies show that obesity is on the increase at an alarming rate, especially in the industrialized and affluent countries. A number of reasons have been put forward for this increase, including life style choices, over-eating, over-use of commercially processed food, addiction for fast food, high caloric diet specially containing high levels of sugar and fat, lack of exercise and sedentary life style. Also genetic make up has been associated with obesity. Obesity can lead to a variety of lethal diseases, notably coronary heart disease, cancer and diabetes. These diseases account for the highest number of human death amongst all other causes. There are also a number of other side effects associated with obesity including increased stress, loss of intelligentsia, pancreatitis, premature birth and osteoarthritis. In recent years media have been playing important roles in highlighting the lethality and damage caused by obesity, nevertheless no significant effects can be seen in the population and obesity remains on the increase, especially amongst children. The editors believe that it is important that more education, campaign and research are used to stop this increasing disease.

How to turn ancient knowledge into a blockbuster drug. Throughout time, humans have searched, collected, and effectively used plants for healing. Currently, business in medicinal plants is flourishing, and efforts are being made to transform traditionally used herbs into modern drugs conforming to the high pharmacological standards present-day. To achieve this goal, a number of problems concerning the safety and efficacy of medicinal plant products need to be addressed and solved.

This timely and original handbook paves the way to success, systematically addressing the issues facing pharmaceutical scientists wanting to turn a plant compound into a safe and effective drug. Plant pharmacologists from around the world demonstrate the potentials and pitfalls involved, with many of the studies and experiments published here for the first time.

This is a valuable resource, bringing together information that is otherwise unavailable.

Unlike other narrowly focused books, Reactive Oxygen Species in Biology and Human Health provides a comprehensive overview of ROS. It covers the current status of research and provides pointers to future research goals. Additionally, it authoritatively reviews the impact of reactive oxygen species with respect to various human diseases and discusses antioxidants and other compounds that counteract oxidative stress. Comprised of seven sections, the first section describes the introduction, detection, and production of ROS, emphasizing phenolic compounds and vitamin E for their abilities to act as antioxidants. This section also highlights the role of lipoprotein-associated oxidative stress. Section two addresses the importance of iron accumulation in the brain resulting in the development of a group of neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) and identifies several causative genes for neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) associated with Parkinsonism-related disorders. The third section discusses a number of NDs, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Huntington's disease (HD), epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis (MS). Section four addresses autoimmune diseases caused by ROS, including asthma, autoimmune liver diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, thyroid disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, and systemic lupus. Section five analyzes a number of different cancers, including lung cancer, breast cancer, and melanoma, along with possible treatment regimens. Section six discusses cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) induced by ROS, presents the ROS-associated complex biochemical processes inducing inflammation as an important cause of CVDs, and explains the roles carotenoids play in preventing CVDs. The final section addresses other human diseases induced by oxidative stress, including sickle cell disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, retinopathy, fibromyalgia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, pulmonary hypertension, infertility, and aging of human skin.

This book is a detailed and comprehensive synthesis of the scientific study of aging. Dozens of contributions from leading scholars review various theories of aging, and molecular, cellular, biochemical and microbial aspects of aging, among just a few of the topics included. Authoritative, wide ranging and thorough, this book will act as a source for experimental design, a comprehensive description of age related diseases, and provide information of the latest molecular theories underlying their causes. Additionally, it will target industries involved in developing anti-aging drugs, post-graduate medical students, and university libraries.

From Internet of Things to Smart Cities: Enabling Technologies explores the information and communication technologies (ICT) needed to enable real-time responses to current environmental, technological, societal, and economic challenges. ICT technologies can be utilized to help with reducing carbon emissions, improving resource utilization efficiency, promoting active engagement of citizens, and more. This book aims to introduce the latest ICT technologies and to promote international collaborations across the scientific community, and eventually, the general public. It consists of three tightly coupled parts. The first part explores the involvement of enabling technologies from basic machine-to-machine communications to Internet of Things technologies. The second part of the book focuses on state of the art data analytics and security techniques, and the last part of the book discusses the design of human-machine interfaces, including smart home and cities. Features Provides an extended literature review of relevant technologies, in addition to detailed comparison diagrams, making new readers be easier to grasp fundamental and wide knowledge Contains the most recent research results in the field of communications, signal processing and computing sciences for facilitating smart homes, buildings, and cities Includes future research directions in Internet of Things, smart homes, smart buildings, smart grid, and smart cities Presents real examples of applying these enabling technologies to smart homes, transportation systems and cities With contributions from leading experts, the book follows an easy structure that not only presents timely research topics in-depth, but also integrates them into real world applications to help readers to better understand them.