In the last few years, significant breakthroughs in transcription research expanded our appreciation for the complexity of molecular controls on gene expression in mammalian cells. In Transcription Factors: Methods and Protocols, experts in the field describe state-of-the-art approaches that investigators can use to probe critical mechanisms underlying transcription factor nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking as well as to assess the functional impact of post-translational modifications on transcription factor function. The chapters are written by prominent scientists, many of whom developed these methods, and highlight protocols that focus on specific transcription factor family members with particular relevance to human disease. Composed in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology(TM) series format, each chapter contains a brief introduction, step-by-step methods, a list of necessary materials, and a Notes section which shares tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.

Comprehensive and current, Transcription Factors: Methods and Protocols compiles the latest techniques for elucidating controls on transcription factor intracellular localization and activity, and consequently is unlike any other methods-based text on transcriptional regulation today.

Persian literature, translation studies Translation of modern Persian literature, Persian literary translation in practice.

This volume provides a unique insight into the formative influence of one of the century's most distinguished public intellectuals, Raymond Williams (1921-1988). Williams' concern with the dynamics of all forms of writing transformed the ways in which we read the world and its texts and helped to create and form the conceptual space of contemporary literary and cultural studies.

This carefully-structured book presents a survey of the whole body of Williams' work. It provides new readers with the opportunity to explore his ideas in depth while giving existing readers a fresh perspective by viewing his works historically.

Detailed introductions place Williams' work in the broader national and international context of literary and cultural theory. The selections which follow balance the familiar with the unfamiliar, and include extracts from key works such as "Culture and Society, The Long Revolution, Modern Tragedy, Orwell, Marxism and Literature and The Politics of Modernism," as well as equally powerful but less known texts like 'Film and the Dramatic Tradition' and seminal essays such as 'Base and Superstructure in Marxist Cultural Theory' and 'The Bloomsbury Fraction'.

"The Raymond Williams Reader" is essential reading for all those interested in contemporary literary theory and cultural studies.

To studies of Brazilian slavery, this book adds a new dimension by showing how it developed in a region where mining was the chief commercial activity and how important a role gender played in this frontier setting in creating opportunities for slaves to achieve some measure of autonomy, compared with slaves who worked in sugar-cane and coffee-growing areas.

The interactions among masters, slaves, and royal officials were profoundly shaped by the accessibility and widespread dispersal of gold deposits, the emergence of small urban centers in which commercial activities thrived, the sexual division of labor among slaves working in mining and commerce, and the changing sex ratio within the population of free white colonists settling in the region.

Focusing attention on the changing status, autonomy, and influence of non-White women, the author argues, is one of the most effective ways of understanding the economic, demographic, and cultural evolution of the slave society as a whole.

The Thousand Families by Ali Shabani, former court journalist and writer under Mohammad Reza Shah, is a lively and entertaining anecdotal history of the Qajar family, who ruled Iran from 1796 to 1925, as well as a number of their associates. Using memoirs, diaries, government documents, and nineteenth century histories, the author paints a vivid picture of the strengths and weaknesses, character and habits, and family backgrounds and familial legacies of the leading figures of the day. He comments, often ironically and with novel metaphors and sometimes biting criticism, on the behavior of these leaders, and he provides concise observations concerning the effects of their actions on the country and people of Iran. He outlines as well the policies and practices of the Qajars with respect to governance and traces the changes effected in the overall governmental structure of Iran during the nineteenth and early twentieth century. The gradually increasing influence of foreign powers (primarily Great Britain and Russia) throughout this era does not escape the author's acerbic comments. Appendices provide extensive documentation on kinship relationships within the royal family. The translators have added notes, bracketed in the text and in footnotes, to help orient readers less familiar with Iranian history than the author's original audience. These include key dates, more detail on sources (when available), reference to easily accessible additional information on key figures, and explanations of selected Persian sayings, customs, and practices. Scholars and students of Iran, the Middle East, and the nineteenth century in general will find this book of interest, as will the general reader interested in royalty, political systems, revolution, and center-periphery relationships.

A couple of years ago a small group of people began discus sing the possibility of running an advanced summer school in the area of polymer blends. There had been a number of recent advan ces in this field, and given the considerable interest in these new polymeric materials, we thought such a meeting would be well received both by industry and academia. We wanted it to contain a wide range of background science and technology and also up to date recent advances in the field. It became clear as the discus sion progressed that the experts in the field were scattered over the length and breadth of Europe and North America and thus the cost of bringing them together for a summer school would necessi tate a high registration fee which would deter many of the research workers we wished to attract. The NATO Advanced Study Institute programme enables a subject to be covered in depth and by giving generous funds to cover lecturers' costs ensures that a wide spectrum of research workers can attend. We decided to apply to NATO and this book contains the results of our request. The ASI was funded under the 'Double-Jump' Programme which is not a new Olympic event but a way of supporting courses on sub jects of direct industrial interest. The Institute was also backed by donations from several companies and approximately half those attending were from industrial organisations."

During the period August 5-9, 1992, and immediately preceding the 1992 Gordon Research Conference on Motile and Contractile Systems, the "Third International Conference on the Structure and Function of Ubiquitous Cellular Protein Actin" was held at the Emma Willard School in Troy, New York, under the title "ACTIN '92". This conference focused on the fundamental properties and cellular functions of actin and actin based microfilament systems. The first conference in this series was held in 1982, in Sydney, Australia, and hosted by Dr. Cristobal G. dos Remedios and Dr. Julian A. Barden, both from the University of Sydney (New South Wales, Austrailia). The second conference convened in Monza, Italy in June 1987, and was organized by Dr. Roberto Colombo, University of Milan (Italy). This third gathering of researchers devoted to the study of actin and actin-associated proteins was organized by Dr. James E. Estes, Albany Stratton V A Medical Center and Dr. Paul 1. Higgins, Albany Medical College, who were assisted by an Organizing Committee consisting of Dr. Edward D. Korn (National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH), Dr. Thomas P. Stossel (Massachusetts General Hospital), Dr. Fumio Matsumura (Rutgers University), and Dr. Stephen Farmer (Boston University). This meeting was dedicated to the many pioneering contributions of Professor Fumio Oosawa to the field of actin research.

In the last few years, significant breakthroughs in transcription research expanded our appreciation for the complexity of molecular controls on gene expression in mammalian cells. In Transcription Factors: Methods and Protocols, experts in the field describe state-of-the-art approaches that investigators can use to probe critical mechanisms underlying transcription factor nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking as well as to assess the functional impact of post-translational modifications on transcription factor function. The chapters are written by prominent scientists, many of whom developed these methods, and highlight protocols that focus on specific transcription factor family members with particular relevance to human disease. Composed in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology (TM) series format, each chapter contains a brief introduction, step-by-step methods, a list of necessary materials, and a Notes section which shares tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and current, Transcription Factors: Methods and Protocols compiles the latest techniques for elucidating controls on transcription factor intracellular localization and activity, and consequently is unlike any other methods-based text on transcriptional regulation today.

This book chronicles the deployments and battles of Charlie Company, 1-506th Infantry during the Vietnam war, 1967-1971. Significant activities taking place within the battalion are also covered. It covers the experiences of a mix of 60-70 young men aged 18-20 during the course of their 12-month war.

This engrossing memoir describes sweeping changes in psychiatric medicine and nursing education. Though only sixty years have passed, mental health care and nurse's training have changed radically since the middle of the last century. This easy-to-read book provides an absorbing picture of care in mental health institutions and Registered Nurse education in the not-too-distant past. In 1950, Bob Higgins began training to become a Registered Nurse. At the time, nurses were not educated in universities, but within hospitals. Until the mid-fifties, there were no effective medications for the seriously mentally ill. The care of psychotics was mainly restricted to maintaining order and isolating them BEHIND LOCKED DOORS. A mental hospital was, in effect, a human warehouse. Persons, especially the elderly, with dementia and chronic neurological diseases, were often committed to mental hospitals because skilled nursing facilities were nonexistent and the cost of private care was beyond the economic capabilities of families. This book relates Higgins' experience in terms everyone can understand. He describes encounters that made him smile and others that showed the heartbreaking state of care at the time. He paints a vivid portrait of the state of psychiatric medicine in the 1950s and draws a crisp picture of his nurse's training. The information in this memoir will be of interest to practicing and retired nurses, medical students, and anyone interested in the history of mental health care. BEHIND LOCKED DOORS includes chapters on people being committed and autopsy....the two end points for many patients. Higgins describes shock therapies and lobotomy, once standard treatments for the mentally ill and the methods used to control patients. Finally, he explains the miracle of pharmaceuticals. The new medications that came into use in the mid-fifties would change the world of psychiatric treatment and eventually restore many patients to their families.

This paper answers the question of whether law or morality demand that nations utilize precision guided weapons (PGMs) when attacking a target in an urban setting where the likelihood of collateral damage is high. It first defines the terms PGMs and collateral damage and lists reasons why collateral damage occurs--even with PGMs. It next reviews applicable international treaties concerning aerial bombardment to determine if they require the use of PGMs, before conducting a similar review of customary international law concepts. The paper concludes by looking at Just War theory and whether or not morality demands that nations use PGMs in an urban setting. Ultimately the paper reaches the conclusion that neither international treaty nor customary international law demand attacking nations use PGMs, although there is clearly a growing trend to do so, and this trend will likely form the basis of future international law. However, the paper concludes that Just War theory's jus in bello demands that professional airmen utilize PGMs in an urban environment--a practice the U.S. seems to be following.