In the last few years, significant breakthroughs in transcription research expanded our appreciation for the complexity of molecular controls on gene expression in mammalian cells. In Transcription Factors: Methods and Protocols, experts in the field describe state-of-the-art approaches that investigators can use to probe critical mechanisms underlying transcription factor nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking as well as to assess the functional impact of post-translational modifications on transcription factor function. The chapters are written by prominent scientists, many of whom developed these methods, and highlight protocols that focus on specific transcription factor family members with particular relevance to human disease. Composed in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology(TM) series format, each chapter contains a brief introduction, step-by-step methods, a list of necessary materials, and a Notes section which shares tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls.

Comprehensive and current, Transcription Factors: Methods and Protocols compiles the latest techniques for elucidating controls on transcription factor intracellular localization and activity, and consequently is unlike any other methods-based text on transcriptional regulation today.

Persian literature, translation studies Translation of modern Persian literature, Persian literary translation in practice.

Basic Properties of the Actin Molecule and Actin-Based Microfilament Systems.- Vibrational Modes of G-Actin.- Combining Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Crystallography Data to Study the Structure of F-Actin and its Implications for Thin-Filament Regulation in Muscle.- Evidence for an F-Actin Like Conformation in the Actin: DNase I Complex.- Actin-Bound Nucleotide/Divalent Cation Interactions.- Influence of the High Affinity Divalent Cation on Actin Tryptophan Fluorescence.- C-Terminus on Actin: Spectroscopic and Immunochemical Examination of its Role in Actinomycin Interactions.- Actin Polymerization: Regulation by Divalent Metal Ion and Nucleotide Binding, ATP Hydrolysis and Binding of Myosin.- Actin-Associated Proteins and Control of Filament-Based Assembly-Disassembly.- Structural Requirements of Tropomyosin for Binding to Filamentous Actin.- Actin-Gelsolin Interaction.- Actin Regulation and Surface Catalysis.- Caldesmon: Possible Functions in Microfilament Reorganization During Mitosis and Cell Transformation.- Cytoskeleton, Motile Structures and Macromolecular Crowding.- Cellular Functions of the Microfilament System.- Actin Filament Dynamics in Cell Motility.- Changes in Adhesion Plaque Protein Levels Regulate Cell Motility and Tumorigenicity.- Induction of Collagen Synthesis in Response to Adhesion and TGF? is Dependent on the Actin-Containing Cytoskeleton.- Gelsolin Expression in Normal Human Keratinocytes is a Function of Induced Differentiation.- Actin Filaments and the Spatial Positioning of mRNA.- Redistribution of p52(PAI-l) mRNA to the Cytoskeletal Framework Accompanies Increased p52(PAI-l) Expression in Cytochalasin D-Stimulated Rat Kidney Cells.- Brush Border Myosin I Has a Calmodulin/Phosphatidylserine Switch and Tail Actin-Binding.- Control of p52(PAI-l) Gene Expression in Normal and Transformed Rat Kidney Cells: Relationship Between p52(PAI-l) Induction and Actin Cytoarchitecture.- Contributors

The sudden increase in indicator bacteria, including fecal coliforms (FCs) and E. coli, was evaluated at several full-scale facilities, in addition to the increase measured during cake storage. The results showed that the sudden increase was a statistically verifiable occurrence at some facilities, but not all, as was the additional increases measured during cake storage. The sudden increase and growth were much more prevalent in processes that utilized centrifuge dewatering compared to belt filter press dewatering. The sudden increase appears to be a result of the reactivation of indicator bacteria that become reversibly non-culturable (RNC) during digestion. Although other hypotheses, such as contamination and presence of inhibitors, cannot be ruled out in all cases. Only one plant that was sampled with high solids centrifugation did not show reactivation and/or regrowth and this plant was different from others in that it utilized thermophilic reactors in series. The results showed a good correlation between the digestion temperature and the reactivation potential and amount of reactivation measured after dewatering. As temperature of digestion increased, the amount of reactivation increased (for plants with reactivation). Similarly, this was generally true, on average for the extent of regrowth. The digestion SRT and VS reduction did not correlate well with reactivation or regrowth.

Polymer demand varies considerably for different digestion processes as well as the same digestion processes at different locations and the reasons for these differences are not known. The objectives of this research were to develop a mechanistic understanding for these differences. The differences were hypothesized to depend on both the amount of charge in a sludge sample and the characteristics of the polymer. The first phase of the research was aimed at establishing the component of the sludge that creates the polymer demand and the second phase was aimed at understanding the interactions of polymers with the components of sludge. A number of samples were collected and analyzed for factors affecting polymer demand. The samples incluced MLSS, RAS, conventional aerobically and anaerobically digested, thermophilic anaerobically digested, temperature phased anaerobically digested, and an auto-thermal aerobically digested sample. Results from the first phase showed a good linear correlation between the optimum polymer dose (OPD) and biocolloid concentration as measured by soluble protein and polysaccharide concentration. In other words, these small particles (less than 4.2 mm created a significant portion of the polymer demand, especially for digested sludges. Conditioning samples with different polymers (varying charge density and configuration, linear, branched and hydrophobic) showed that the key characteristic in determining OPD is the charge density of the polymer. The shear associated with several full-scale dewatering devices was measured and quantified using the unitless Gt term. In addition, several field trials were performed to show the impact of Fe addition on polymer demand as well as methods to reduce the shear associated with high solids centrifuges.

The Thousand Families by Ali Shabani, former court journalist and writer under Mohammad Reza Shah, is a lively and entertaining anecdotal history of the Qajar family, who ruled Iran from 1796 to 1925, as well as a number of their associates. Using memoirs, diaries, government documents, and nineteenth century histories, the author paints a vivid picture of the strengths and weaknesses, character and habits, and family backgrounds and familial legacies of the leading figures of the day. He comments, often ironically and with novel metaphors and sometimes biting criticism, on the behavior of these leaders, and he provides concise observations concerning the effects of their actions on the country and people of Iran. He outlines as well the policies and practices of the Qajars with respect to governance and traces the changes effected in the overall governmental structure of Iran during the nineteenth and early twentieth century. The gradually increasing influence of foreign powers (primarily Great Britain and Russia) throughout this era does not escape the author's acerbic comments. Appendices provide extensive documentation on kinship relationships within the royal family. The translators have added notes, bracketed in the text and in footnotes, to help orient readers less familiar with Iranian history than the author's original audience. These include key dates, more detail on sources (when available), reference to easily accessible additional information on key figures, and explanations of selected Persian sayings, customs, and practices. Scholars and students of Iran, the Middle East, and the nineteenth century in general will find this book of interest, as will the general reader interested in royalty, political systems, revolution, and center-periphery relationships.

In the last few years, significant breakthroughs in transcription research expanded our appreciation for the complexity of molecular controls on gene expression in mammalian cells. In Transcription Factors: Methods and Protocols, experts in the field describe state-of-the-art approaches that investigators can use to probe critical mechanisms underlying transcription factor nuclear-cytoplasmic trafficking as well as to assess the functional impact of post-translational modifications on transcription factor function. The chapters are written by prominent scientists, many of whom developed these methods, and highlight protocols that focus on specific transcription factor family members with particular relevance to human disease. Composed in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology (TM) series format, each chapter contains a brief introduction, step-by-step methods, a list of necessary materials, and a Notes section which shares tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and current, Transcription Factors: Methods and Protocols compiles the latest techniques for elucidating controls on transcription factor intracellular localization and activity, and consequently is unlike any other methods-based text on transcriptional regulation today.

During the period August 5-9, 1992, and immediately preceding the 1992 Gordon Research Conference on Motile and Contractile Systems, the "Third International Conference on the Structure and Function of Ubiquitous Cellular Protein Actin" was held at the Emma Willard School in Troy, New York, under the title "ACTIN '92". This conference focused on the fundamental properties and cellular functions of actin and actin based microfilament systems. The first conference in this series was held in 1982, in Sydney, Australia, and hosted by Dr. Cristobal G. dos Remedios and Dr. Julian A. Barden, both from the University of Sydney (New South Wales, Austrailia). The second conference convened in Monza, Italy in June 1987, and was organized by Dr. Roberto Colombo, University of Milan (Italy). This third gathering of researchers devoted to the study of actin and actin-associated proteins was organized by Dr. James E. Estes, Albany Stratton V A Medical Center and Dr. Paul 1. Higgins, Albany Medical College, who were assisted by an Organizing Committee consisting of Dr. Edward D. Korn (National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH), Dr. Thomas P. Stossel (Massachusetts General Hospital), Dr. Fumio Matsumura (Rutgers University), and Dr. Stephen Farmer (Boston University). This meeting was dedicated to the many pioneering contributions of Professor Fumio Oosawa to the field of actin research.

A couple of years ago a small group of people began discus sing the possibility of running an advanced summer school in the area of polymer blends. There had been a number of recent advan ces in this field, and given the considerable interest in these new polymeric materials, we thought such a meeting would be well received both by industry and academia. We wanted it to contain a wide range of background science and technology and also up to date recent advances in the field. It became clear as the discus sion progressed that the experts in the field were scattered over the length and breadth of Europe and North America and thus the cost of bringing them together for a summer school would necessi tate a high registration fee which would deter many of the research workers we wished to attract. The NATO Advanced Study Institute programme enables a subject to be covered in depth and by giving generous funds to cover lecturers' costs ensures that a wide spectrum of research workers can attend. We decided to apply to NATO and this book contains the results of our request. The ASI was funded under the 'Double-Jump' Programme which is not a new Olympic event but a way of supporting courses on sub jects of direct industrial interest. The Institute was also backed by donations from several companies and approximately half those attending were from industrial organisations."

This volume provides a unique insight into the formative influence of one of the century's most distinguished public intellectuals, Raymond Williams (1921-1988). Williams' concern with the dynamics of all forms of writing transformed the ways in which we read the world and its texts and helped to create and form the conceptual space of contemporary literary and cultural studies.

This carefully-structured book presents a survey of the whole body of Williams' work. It provides new readers with the opportunity to explore his ideas in depth while giving existing readers a fresh perspective by viewing his works historically.

Detailed introductions place Williams' work in the broader national and international context of literary and cultural theory. The selections which follow balance the familiar with the unfamiliar, and include extracts from key works such as "Culture and Society, The Long Revolution, Modern Tragedy, Orwell, Marxism and Literature and The Politics of Modernism," as well as equally powerful but less known texts like 'Film and the Dramatic Tradition' and seminal essays such as 'Base and Superstructure in Marxist Cultural Theory' and 'The Bloomsbury Fraction'.

"The Raymond Williams Reader" is essential reading for all those interested in contemporary literary theory and cultural studies.

Twenty-six-year-old college graduate, artist, and employee of the Ministry of Art and Culture, Hasti Nourian aspires to be a "new woman"-independent-minded, strong-willed, and in control of her own destiny. A destiny that includes Morad, an idealistic young architect and artist with whom Hasti is deeply in love. Morad is a sharp critic of Iran's Westernized bourgeois class, the one that Hasti's mother relishes. After Hasti's father died, her mother married a wealthy businessman and moved to an exclusive neighborhood of northern Tehran. Socializing with a mixed group of Americans, English-speaking Iranians, and British expats, her mother's life revolves around gym visits, hairdressers, and party planning. When her mother persuades Hasti to join her at the spa, she introduces her to Salim, an eligible young man from a wealthy family whose British education and proper comportment, as well as his economic status make him an ideal suitor for Hasti in her mother's eyes. Against her better judgment, Hasti finds herself attracted to Salim and tempted by her mother's comfortable lifestyle. As the novel unfolds, Hasti is torn between her first love and the radical politics of her university friends, and love for her mother and the freedom economic security can bring. Set in Tehran in the mid-1970s, just a few years before the 1977-79 revolution, Daneshvar's unforgettable novel depicts the tumultuous social, cultural, and economic changes of the day through the intimate story of a young woman's struggle to find her identity.

This book chronicles the deployments and battles of Charlie Company, 1-506th Infantry during the Vietnam war, 1967-1971. Significant activities taking place within the battalion are also covered. It covers the experiences of a mix of 60-70 young men aged 18-20 during the course of their 12-month war.