People have long made invidious distinctions between individuals (e.g., the clean and the unclean, good and evil, black and white, sacred and profane, etc.) (Smith, 1996), and these distinctions affect the degree to which individuals experience prejudice, unfair discrimination, and oppression in organizations and society as a whole. As a result, there has been an increased interest in research on these distinctions and unfair discrimination in organizations. Despite this research, most of the studies have focused on only a subset of minorities including African Americans, women, older workers, and people with physical disabilities (Dipboye & Colella, 2005). A number of other minorities have been forgotten or neglected by organizational researchers including people with neurological or psychological disabilities, veterans, Native Americans, people with a criminal history, and those who come from low socioeconomic or poor backgrounds. Thus, the primary purposes of this issue of Research in HRM is to foster research on "Forgotten Minorities" or those who are members of groups that have been excluded from organizations and neglected by organizational research. In view of these arguments, this issue (a) presents a brief review of the organizational research on the exclusion and repudiation of people who are forgotten minorities, (b) offers directions for future research on these outgroup members, and (c) considers key implications for practice that can facilitate the inclusion of forgotten minorities in organizations.

Empirical research in HRM has focused on such issues as recruiting, testing, selection, training, motivation, compensation, and employee well-being. A review of the literature on these and other topics suggests that less than optimal methods have often been used in many HRM studies. Among the methods-related problems are using (a) measures or manipulations that have little or no construct validity, (b) samples of units (e.g., participants, organizations) that bear little or no correspondence to target populations, (c) research designs that have little or no potential for supporting valid causal inferences, (d) samples that are too small to provide for adequate statistical power, and (e) data analytic strategies that are inappropriate for the issues addressed by a study. As a result, our understanding of various HRM phenomena has suffered and improved methods may serve to enhance both the science and practice of HRM. In view of the above, the purpose of this volume of Research in Human Resource Management is to provide basic and applied researchers with resources that will enable them to improve the internal validity, external validity, construct validity, and statistical conclusion validity of research in HRM and the related fields of industrial and organizational psychology, and organizational behavior. Sound research in these fields should serve to improve both science and practice. With respect to science, support for a theory hinges on the validity of research used to support it. In addition, the results of valid research are essential for the development and implementation of HRM policies and practices. In the interest of promoting valid research-based inferences in HRM research, the chapters in this volume identify a wide range of methods-related problems and offer recommendations for dealing with them. Chapters in it address such HRM research-related topics as neglected research issues, causal inferences in research, heteroscedasticity in research, range restriction in research, interrater agreement indices, and construct validity issues in measures of such constructs as job performance, organizational politics, and safety climate.

As we enter the third decade of the twenty-first century, we are seeing a renaissance of context in influencing leadership, leader-follower relations, and leader effectiveness as well as a recognition of the tripartite nature of leadership. To fully understand and appreciate leadership, one must see the multiple parts of it as well as the connections among them. Leadership is multi-dimensional; leadership depends on leaders, followers, and context. Leadership research in the past three decades has been dominated by interest in neo-charismatic leadership styles and a focus on leadermember exchange in leader-follower relationships. Recently other approaches to leadership, such as ethical and authentic leaders, have garnered greater attention in response to the moral and ethical challenges in the workplace. Additionally, established approaches to leadership emergence and development have been challenged by their relevance to diverse work forces and issues of inclusion. This twelve article volume includes an outstanding roster of established and emerging leadership authors who tackle questions of leadership at the intersections of leaders, followers, and context. The volume opens with two articles that set the stage for the current state of leadership research and paths for its future including a commentary by Edwin Locke and Gary Latham on current management research practices and an action-oriented review of leadership research from the start of the 21st century. The volume is organized around three themes: leadership and diversity, leaderfollower relationships, and systems of leader, follower, and context. Articles in the volume advance diversity research with an integration of leadership and diversity theories that demonstrate the former's need for re-examination in light of the latter, a systematic development of inclusive leadership theory, and a close examination of immigrant ethnic identity. The authors of several articles expand our understanding of leader-follower relationships in the context of teams and alliances, the contextual boundaries of authentic leadership theory, and the authentic leader's potential impact on harassment in organizations. The volume culminates with three demonstrations of leadership as systems of leader-follower-context interaction, including a close examination of the toxic triangle's manifestation in university scandals, a micro-process model of power and leadership, and a configurational approach to studying leadership. The volume is designed primarily for scholars in the fields of human resource management, organizational behavior, and leadership. It also well serves the needs of instructors and students in master's and doctoral courses in leadership or organizational behavior. Each article is grounded in managerial context that will appeal to practitioners in the field.

This volume of the series Research in Human Resource Management (HRM) focuses on a number of important issues in HRM and OB including performance appraisal, political skill, gratitude, psychological contracts, the philosophical underpinnings of HRM, pay and compensation messages, and electronic human resource management. For example, the first article by Cleveland and Murphy considers a very controversial issue (i.e., the reasons that organizations are abandoning the use of performance appraisal). The next article by Harris, Ferris, Summers, and Munyon is extremely interesting, and focuses on how composite political skills (e.g., social astuteness, interpersonal influence ) helps individuals develop productive work relationships in organizations. The third article by Scandura and Sharif presents a very innovative model of gratitude in organizations, and the authors argue that gratitude is essential for maintaining positive social relations in organizations. The fourth article by Suazo and Stone?Romero provides an extremely comprehensive review of the theory and research on psychological contracts in organizations from 1960?2015. The subsequent article by Bae, Kang and Kim presents a very unique perspective on HRM, and considers the philosophical underpinnings of the field. The sixth article by Murray, Dulebohn, Roehling, and Werling presents a very innovative model to explain the role that organizational messages about changes in pay or compensation systems have on anticipatory pay satisfaction. The final article in the series by Johnson, Thatcher, and Burleson presents a thought?provoking framework for understanding the key role that information technology (IT) plays in the field of HRM. The series should be useful to researchers and doctoral students in the fields of HRM, OB, and Industrial and Organizational Psychology. It should also be relevant for doctoral courses and scientist?practitioners in these fields.

Information technology has had a profound effect on almost every aspect of our lives including the way we purchase products, communicate with others, receive health care services, and deliver education and training. It has also had a major impact on humanresource management (HR) processes, and it has transformed the way that we recruit, select, motivate, and retain employees (Gueutal & Stone, 2005; Kavanagh, Thite, & Johnson, 2015). For example, some estimates indicated that 100 % of large organizations now use web-based recruiting (Sierra-Cedar, 2016-2017), and over half of the training conducted in America is delivered using technology-based methods (American Society for Training and Development, 2015). Results of a survey by the Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) (2002) revealed that technology is one of the major drivers of change in today's HR departments. In spite of the increased use of technology in the field of HR, relatively little research has examined the acceptance andeffectiveness of electronic human resource management (eHRM) methods. As a consequence, practitioners are implementing these new systems without the benefit of research. Thus, the primary purpose of this issue is to review the results of research on a number of important eHRM practices including e-recruitment, e-selection, gamification, esocialization, e-learning, and e-performance management. It also considers how the problems associated with cyberdeviance in organizations. The chapters in thisseries should be extremely beneficial for HR researchers and practitioners who are employing these new systems.

It is evident that organizations are becoming increasingly diverse because of the growing numbers of ethnic minorities in the U. S. and the rise in immigration around the world (U. S. Bureau of Census, 2019). Some estimates indicate that by 2060 ethnic minorities in the U. S. will actually make up the majority of the population (U. S. Bureau of Census, 2019), and national minority group members will constitute over 14% of the 770 million people in the European Union (Worldwide Population Estimates, 2017). Thus, organizations around the world are faced with numerous challenges associated with attracting, motivating, and retaining employees who are culturally diverse, and we need a better understanding of how to increase the inclusion of diverse group members in organizations. This edited book includes twelve cutting edge articles written by subject matter experts on an array of topics including: (a) the influence of multiculturalism on HR practices, (b) factors affecting the success of corporate women, (c) stereotypes of racial minorities, (d) effect sizes in diversity research, ( e) true identities of stigmatized persons, (f) diversity training, (g) LGBTQ issues, (h) age, (I) strategies for creating inclusive climates, (j) the development of measure of reactions to perceived discrimination, (k) racial harassment, and (l) unfair discrimination against immigrants. This timely book provides a critical resource for undergraduate and graduate classes in diversity and inclusion in organizations, human resource management, organizational behavior, organizational sociology, and industrial and organizational psychology. Apart from theories and research on diversity and inclusion, the book also considers implications for designing HR policies and processes in organizations. Therefore, the book is especially relevant for practitioners and human resource professionals because it provides guidance on HR practices that can help organizations attract and retain these new organizational members.

People have long made invidious distinctions between individuals (e.g., the clean and the unclean, good and evil, black and white, sacred and profane, etc.) (Smith, 1996), and these distinctions affect the degree to which individuals experience prejudice, unfair discrimination, and oppression in organizations and society as a whole. As a result, there has been an increased interest in research on these distinctions and unfair discrimination in organizations. Despite this research, most of the studies have focused on only a subset of minorities including African Americans, women, older workers, and people with physical disabilities (Dipboye & Colella, 2005). A number of other minorities have been forgotten or neglected by organizational researchers including people with neurological or psychological disabilities, veterans, Native Americans, people with a criminal history, and those who come from low socioeconomic or poor backgrounds. Thus, the primary purposes of this issue of Research in HRM is to foster research on "Forgotten Minorities" or those who are members of groups that have been excluded from organizations and neglected by organizational research. In view of these arguments, this issue (a) presents a brief review of the organizational research on the exclusion and repudiation of people who are forgotten minorities, (b) offers directions for future research on these outgroup members, and (c) considers key implications for practice that can facilitate the inclusion of forgotten minorities in organizations.

Managers are increasingly employing teams as a primary work unit in organizations, but they are struggling with how to effectively lead the emerging team structures. Intensifying the challenges that they are facing, work restrictions due to the Covid-19 pandemic hastened the move to remote work, flexible work arrangements, and virtual teams. The current volume of Research in Human Resource Management presents literature reviews, conceptual development, and original research evidence to inform the management of teams and spotlight new directions and approaches for team research in this evolving, complex, and dynamic environment. This ten article volume includes an outstanding roster of established and emerging team scholars who define the future of team management research. The volume is presented in four parts. PART ONE introduces perspectives on the science of team research. Joshua Strauss and James Grand present the systems thinking perspective as an alternative to more traditional IPO and multi-level covariation models. Patrick Rosopa introduces a machine learning approach to inductive team research for complex networks and dynamic variable relationships. PART TWO includes three articles that address team performance. Gabe Dickey and colleagues present a model of performance management, leadership, and engagement. Akvile Mockevic iu te and colleagues systematically review the feedback literature for teams and present a model of performance enhancement. John Austin provides a qualitative study that steers transactive memory research in a new direction for teams accessing external expertise. PART THREE offers two articles on individualized flexible work arrangements among team members and their effect on team outcomes. Miriam Baumga rtner and Martina Hartner-Tiefenthaler offer script development and a reflexivity process to address the negative impact of uncoordinated team member job crafting. Chenwei Liao presents empirical evidence about the team efficacy and performance outcomes from servant leadership in managing the i-deals process for team members. PART FOUR includes two articles that address the rising presence of virtual teams by looking at electronic communication and its implications for diverse team members. Julio Canedo and colleagues review literature regarding diversity and virtual teams to inform the development of a model that links measures of diversity and the intervening experience of diversity, types of electronic communication, virtual team processes, and team outcomes. Bill Bommer and James Schmidtke present an empirical study addressing the question of whether team member behavior is different in virtual meetings than face-to-face and whether there is a gender implication for the change to videoconferencing. The volume is designed primarily for scholars in the fields of human resource management, organizational behavior, and industrial-organizational psychology. It also serves the needs of instructors and students in master's and doctoral courses in industrial-organizational psychology, human resource management, or organizational behavior. Each article is grounded in managerial context that will appeal to practitioners in the field.

Empirical research in HRM has focused on such issues as recruiting, testing, selection, training, motivation, compensation, and employee well-being. A review of the literature on these and other topics suggests that less than optimal methods have often been used in many HRM studies. Among the methods-related problems are using (a) measures or manipulations that have little or no construct validity, (b) samples of units (e.g., participants, organizations) that bear little or no correspondence to target populations, (c) research designs that have little or no potential for supporting valid causal inferences, (d) samples that are too small to provide for adequate statistical power, and (e) data analytic strategies that are inappropriate for the issues addressed by a study. As a result, our understanding of various HRM phenomena has suffered and improved methods may serve to enhance both the science and practice of HRM. In view of the above, the purpose of this volume of Research in Human Resource Management is to provide basic and applied researchers with resources that will enable them to improve the internal validity, external validity, construct validity, and statistical conclusion validity of research in HRM and the related fields of industrial and organizational psychology, and organizational behavior. Sound research in these fields should serve to improve both science and practice. With respect to science, support for a theory hinges on the validity of research used to support it. In addition, the results of valid research are essential for the development and implementation of HRM policies and practices. In the interest of promoting valid research-based inferences in HRM research, the chapters in this volume identify a wide range of methods-related problems and offer recommendations for dealing with them. Chapters in it address such HRM research-related topics as neglected research issues, causal inferences in research, heteroscedasticity in research, range restriction in research, interrater agreement indices, and construct validity issues in measures of such constructs as job performance, organizational politics, and safety climate.

As we enter the third decade of the twenty-first century, we are seeing a renaissance of context in influencing leadership, leader-follower relations, and leader effectiveness as well as a recognition of the tripartite nature of leadership. To fully understand and appreciate leadership, one must see the multiple parts of it as well as the connections among them. Leadership is multi-dimensional; leadership depends on leaders, followers, and context. Leadership research in the past three decades has been dominated by interest in neo-charismatic leadership styles and a focus on leadermember exchange in leader-follower relationships. Recently other approaches to leadership, such as ethical and authentic leaders, have garnered greater attention in response to the moral and ethical challenges in the workplace. Additionally, established approaches to leadership emergence and development have been challenged by their relevance to diverse work forces and issues of inclusion. This twelve article volume includes an outstanding roster of established and emerging leadership authors who tackle questions of leadership at the intersections of leaders, followers, and context. The volume opens with two articles that set the stage for the current state of leadership research and paths for its future including a commentary by Edwin Locke and Gary Latham on current management research practices and an action-oriented review of leadership research from the start of the 21st century. The volume is organized around three themes: leadership and diversity, leaderfollower relationships, and systems of leader, follower, and context. Articles in the volume advance diversity research with an integration of leadership and diversity theories that demonstrate the former's need for re-examination in light of the latter, a systematic development of inclusive leadership theory, and a close examination of immigrant ethnic identity. The authors of several articles expand our understanding of leader-follower relationships in the context of teams and alliances, the contextual boundaries of authentic leadership theory, and the authentic leader's potential impact on harassment in organizations. The volume culminates with three demonstrations of leadership as systems of leader-follower-context interaction, including a close examination of the toxic triangle's manifestation in university scandals, a micro-process model of power and leadership, and a configurational approach to studying leadership. The volume is designed primarily for scholars in the fields of human resource management, organizational behavior, and leadership. It also well serves the needs of instructors and students in master's and doctoral courses in leadership or organizational behavior. Each article is grounded in managerial context that will appeal to practitioners in the field.

Information technology has had a profound effect on almost every aspect of our lives including the way we purchase products, communicate with others, receive health care services, and deliver education and training. It has also had a major impact on humanresource management (HR) processes, and it has transformed the way that we recruit, select, motivate, and retain employees (Gueutal & Stone, 2005; Kavanagh, Thite, & Johnson, 2015). For example, some estimates indicated that 100 % of large organizations now use web-based recruiting (Sierra-Cedar, 2016-2017), and over half of the training conducted in America is delivered using technology-based methods (American Society for Training and Development, 2015). Results of a survey by the Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM) (2002) revealed that technology is one of the major drivers of change in today's HR departments. In spite of the increased use of technology in the field of HR, relatively little research has examined the acceptance andeffectiveness of electronic human resource management (eHRM) methods. As a consequence, practitioners are implementing these new systems without the benefit of research. Thus, the primary purpose of this issue is to review the results of research on a number of important eHRM practices including e-recruitment, e-selection, gamification, esocialization, e-learning, and e-performance management. It also considers how the problems associated with cyberdeviance in organizations. The chapters in thisseries should be extremely beneficial for HR researchers and practitioners who are employing these new systems.

This volume of the series Research in Human Resource Management (HRM) focuses on a number of important issues in HRM and OB including performance appraisal, political skill, gratitude, psychological contracts, the philosophical underpinnings of HRM, pay and compensation messages, and electronic human resource management. For example, the first article by Cleveland and Murphy considers a very controversial issue (i.e., the reasons that organizations are abandoning the use of performance appraisal). The next article by Harris, Ferris, Summers, and Munyon is extremely interesting, and focuses on how composite political skills (e.g., social astuteness, interpersonal influence ) helps individuals develop productive work relationships in organizations. The third article by Scandura and Sharif presents a very innovative model of gratitude in organizations, and the authors argue that gratitude is essential for maintaining positive social relations in organizations. The fourth article by Suazo and Stone?Romero provides an extremely comprehensive review of the theory and research on psychological contracts in organizations from 1960?2015. The subsequent article by Bae, Kang and Kim presents a very unique perspective on HRM, and considers the philosophical underpinnings of the field. The sixth article by Murray, Dulebohn, Roehling, and Werling presents a very innovative model to explain the role that organizational messages about changes in pay or compensation systems have on anticipatory pay satisfaction. The final article in the series by Johnson, Thatcher, and Burleson presents a thought?provoking framework for understanding the key role that information technology (IT) plays in the field of HRM. The series should be useful to researchers and doctoral students in the fields of HRM, OB, and Industrial and Organizational Psychology. It should also be relevant for doctoral courses and scientist?practitioners in these fields.

It is evident that organizations are becoming increasingly diverse because of the growing numbers of ethnic minorities in the U. S. and the rise in immigration around the world (U. S. Bureau of Census, 2019). Some estimates indicate that by 2060 ethnic minorities in the U. S. will actually make up the majority of the population (U. S. Bureau of Census, 2019), and national minority group members will constitute over 14% of the 770 million people in the European Union (Worldwide Population Estimates, 2017). Thus, organizations around the world are faced with numerous challenges associated with attracting, motivating, and retaining employees who are culturally diverse, and we need a better understanding of how to increase the inclusion of diverse group members in organizations. This edited book includes twelve cutting edge articles written by subject matter experts on an array of topics including: (a) the influence of multiculturalism on HR practices, (b) factors affecting the success of corporate women, (c) stereotypes of racial minorities, (d) effect sizes in diversity research, ( e) true identities of stigmatized persons, (f) diversity training, (g) LGBTQ issues, (h) age, (I) strategies for creating inclusive climates, (j) the development of measure of reactions to perceived discrimination, (k) racial harassment, and (l) unfair discrimination against immigrants. This timely book provides a critical resource for undergraduate and graduate classes in diversity and inclusion in organizations, human resource management, organizational behavior, organizational sociology, and industrial and organizational psychology. Apart from theories and research on diversity and inclusion, the book also considers implications for designing HR policies and processes in organizations. Therefore, the book is especially relevant for practitioners and human resource professionals because it provides guidance on HR practices that can help organizations attract and retain these new organizational members.