The April 1997 conference held in Prague attracted the cream of primarily European and Russian researchers (with a handful from the US, primarily from the U. of Maryland School of Medicine) to the burgeoning biological and medical applications of innovative optical technology, particularly laser con

This volume introduces a summary of all the techniques used to estimate pH reliably. Emphasis is placed on the techniques that provide the most reliable and detailed data. The role of cell pH is explained with special emphasis on enzymology and membrane transport and bioenergetics. This book was written especially for molecular biologists, biochemists and biophysicists.