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While many analyses have examined disinformation in recent election
campaigns, misuse of 'big data' such as the Cambridge Analytica
scandal, and manipulation by bots and algorithms, most have blamed
a few bad actors. This incisive analysis presents evidence of
deeper and broader corruption of the public sphere, which the
author refers to as post-communication. With extensive evidence,
Jim Macnamara argues that we are all responsible for the slide
towards a post-truth society. This analysis looks beyond high
profile individuals such as Donald Trump, Russian trolls, and even
'Big Tech' to argue that the professionalized communication
industries of advertising, PR, political and government
communication, and journalism, driven by clickbait and aided by a
lack of critical media literacy, have systematically contributed to
disinformation, deception, and manipulation. When combined with
powerful new communication technologies, artificial intelligence,
and lack of regulation, this has led to a 'perfect data storm'.
Accordingly, Macnamara proposes that there is no single solution.
Rather, he identifies a range of strategies for communication
professionals, industry associations, media organizations and
platforms, educators, legislators, regulators, and citizens to
challenge post-communication and post-truth.
The emergence of what are called `new media' and `social media' is
one of the most discussed topics in contemporary societies. Because
media and public communication are mostly analyzed within
particular theoretical frameworks and within specific disciplinary
fields, polarized views have been created with cyberoptimists and
celebrants on one side and cyberpessimists and skeptics on the
other. Thus we lack an understanding of the interdependencies and
convergence between disciplines and practices. The second edition
of this book expertly synthesizes competing theories and
disciplinary viewpoints and examines the latest data, including
international research from fast-growing markets such as China, to
provide a comprehensive, holistic view of the twenty-first century
media (r)evolution. Dr. Macnamara argues that the key changes are
located in practices rather than technologies and that public
communication practices are emergent in highly significant ways.
Engaging and accessible, this book is essential reading for
scholars and professionals in media and communication and an
invaluable text for courses in media studies, journalism,
advertising, public relations and organisational and political
communication.
While many analyses have examined disinformation in recent election
campaigns, misuse of 'big data' such as the Cambridge Analytica
scandal, and manipulation by bots and algorithms, most have blamed
a few bad actors. This incisive analysis presents evidence of
deeper and broader corruption of the public sphere, which the
author refers to as post-communication. With extensive evidence,
Jim Macnamara argues that we are all responsible for the slide
towards a post-truth society. This analysis looks beyond high
profile individuals such as Donald Trump, Russian trolls, and even
'Big Tech' to argue that the professionalized communication
industries of advertising, PR, political and government
communication, and journalism, driven by clickbait and aided by a
lack of critical media literacy, have systematically contributed to
disinformation, deception, and manipulation. When combined with
powerful new communication technologies, artificial intelligence,
and lack of regulation, this has led to a 'perfect data storm'.
Accordingly, Macnamara proposes that there is no single solution.
Rather, he identifies a range of strategies for communication
professionals, industry associations, media organizations and
platforms, educators, legislators, regulators, and citizens to
challenge post-communication and post-truth.
The interrelationship between journalism and public relations (PR)
is one of the most contentious in the field of media studies.
Numerous studies have shown that 50-80 per cent of the content of
mass media is significantly shaped by PR. But many editors,
journalists, and PR practitioners engage in a 'discourse of
denial', maintaining what critics call the dirty secret of
journalism - and PR. Media practitioners also engage in an
accusatory 'discourse of spin' and a 'discourse of victimhood'. On
the other hand, PR practitioners say they help provide a voice for
organizations, including those ignored by the media. Meanwhile, the
growth of social media is providing new opportunities for
governments, corporations, and organizations to create content and
even their own media, increasing the channels and reach of PR. This
book reviews 100 years of research into the interrelationship
between journalism and PR and, based on in-depth interviews with
senior editors, journalists, and PR practitioners in several
countries, presents new insights into the methods and extent of PR
influence, its implications, and the need for transparency and
change, making it a must-read for researchers and students in media
studies, journalism, public relations, politics, sociology, and
cultural studies.
The interrelationship between journalism and public relations (PR)
is one of the most contentious in the field of media studies.
Numerous studies have shown that 50-80 per cent of the content of
mass media is significantly shaped by PR. But many editors,
journalists, and PR practitioners engage in a 'discourse of
denial', maintaining what critics call the dirty secret of
journalism - and PR. Media practitioners also engage in an
accusatory 'discourse of spin' and a 'discourse of victimhood'. On
the other hand, PR practitioners say they help provide a voice for
organizations, including those ignored by the media. Meanwhile, the
growth of social media is providing new opportunities for
governments, corporations, and organizations to create content and
even their own media, increasing the channels and reach of PR. This
book reviews 100 years of research into the interrelationship
between journalism and PR and, based on in-depth interviews with
senior editors, journalists, and PR practitioners in several
countries, presents new insights into the methods and extent of PR
influence, its implications, and the need for transparency and
change, making it a must-read for researchers and students in media
studies, journalism, public relations, politics, sociology, and
cultural studies.
The emergence of what are called `new media' and `social media' is
one of the most discussed topics in contemporary societies. Because
media and public communication are mostly analyzed within
particular theoretical frameworks and within specific disciplinary
fields, polarized views have been created with cyberoptimists and
celebrants on one side and cyberpessimists and skeptics on the
other. Thus we lack an understanding of the interdependencies and
convergence between disciplines and practices. The second edition
of this book expertly synthesizes competing theories and
disciplinary viewpoints and examines the latest data, including
international research from fast-growing markets such as China, to
provide a comprehensive, holistic view of the twenty-first century
media (r)evolution. Dr. Macnamara argues that the key changes are
located in practices rather than technologies and that public
communication practices are emergent in highly significant ways.
Engaging and accessible, this book is essential reading for
scholars and professionals in media and communication and an
invaluable text for courses in media studies, journalism,
advertising, public relations and organisational and political
communication.
Organizations, which are central in contemporary industrialized and
post-industrial societies, including government departments and
agencies, corporations, and non-government organizations, claim to
want and practice two-way communication, dialogue, and engagement
with citizens, customers, employees, and other stakeholders and
publics. But do they in reality? Voice - speaking up - is
recognized as fundamental for democracy, representation, and social
equity. But what if governments, corporations, institutions, and
NGOs are not listening? This book reports the findings of a
two-year, three-continent study that show that public and private
sector organizations devote substantial and sometimes massive
resources to construct an 'architecture of speaking' through
advertising, PR, and other public communication practices, but
listen poorly, sporadically, and sometimes not at all. Beyond
identifying a 'crisis of listening' in modern societies, this
landmark study proposes and describes how organizations need to
create an architecture of listening to regain trust and re-engage
people whose voices are unheard or ignored. It presents a
compelling case to show that urgent attention to organizational
listening is essential for maintaining healthy democracy,
organization legitimacy, business sustainability, and social
equity. This research is essential reading for all scholars,
students, and practitioners involved in politics; government,
corporate, marketing, and organizational communication; public
relations; and all those interested in democratic participation,
media, and society.
Organizations, which are central in contemporary industrialized and
post-industrial societies, including government departments and
agencies, corporations, and non-government organizations, claim to
want and practice two-way communication, dialogue, and engagement
with citizens, customers, employees, and other stakeholders and
publics. But do they in reality? Voice - speaking up - is
recognized as fundamental for democracy, representation, and social
equity. But what if governments, corporations, institutions, and
NGOs are not listening? This book reports the findings of a
two-year, three-continent study that show that public and private
sector organizations devote substantial and sometimes massive
resources to construct an 'architecture of speaking' through
advertising, PR, and other public communication practices, but
listen poorly, sporadically, and sometimes not at all. Beyond
identifying a 'crisis of listening' in modern societies, this
landmark study proposes and describes how organizations need to
create an architecture of listening to regain trust and re-engage
people whose voices are unheard or ignored. It presents a
compelling case to show that urgent attention to organizational
listening is essential for maintaining healthy democracy,
organization legitimacy, business sustainability, and social
equity. This research is essential reading for all scholars,
students, and practitioners involved in politics; government,
corporate, marketing, and organizational communication; public
relations; and all those interested in democratic participation,
media, and society.
Evaluating Public Communication addresses the widely reported lack
of rigorous outcome and impact-oriented evaluation in advertising;
public relations; corporate, government, political and
organizational communication and specialist fields, such as health
communication. This transdisciplinary analysis integrates research
literature from each of these fields of practice, as well as
interviews, content analysis and ethnography, to identify the
latest models and approaches. Chapters feature: * a review of 30
frameworks and models that inform processes for evaluation in
communication, including the latest recommendations of industry
bodies, evaluation councils and research institutes in several
countries; * recommendations for standards based on contemporary
social science research and industry initiatives, such as the IPR
Task Force on Standards and the Coalition for Public Relations
Research Standards; * an assessment of metrics that can inform
evaluation, including digital and social media metrics, 10 informal
research methods and over 30 formal research methods for evaluating
public communication; * evaluation of public communication
campaigns and projects in 12 contemporary case studies. Evaluating
Public Communication provides clear guidance on theory and practice
for students, researchers and professionals in PR, advertising and
all fields of communication.
Evaluating Public Communication addresses the widely reported lack
of rigorous outcome and impact-oriented evaluation in advertising;
public relations; corporate, government, political and
organizational communication and specialist fields, such as health
communication. This transdisciplinary analysis integrates research
literature from each of these fields of practice, as well as
interviews, content analysis and ethnography, to identify the
latest models and approaches. Chapters feature: * a review of 30
frameworks and models that inform processes for evaluation in
communication, including the latest recommendations of industry
bodies, evaluation councils and research institutes in several
countries; * recommendations for standards based on contemporary
social science research and industry initiatives, such as the IPR
Task Force on Standards and the Coalition for Public Relations
Research Standards; * an assessment of metrics that can inform
evaluation, including digital and social media metrics, 10 informal
research methods and over 30 formal research methods for evaluating
public communication; * evaluation of public communication
campaigns and projects in 12 contemporary case studies. Evaluating
Public Communication provides clear guidance on theory and practice
for students, researchers and professionals in PR, advertising and
all fields of communication.
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