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'The Organic Chemistry of Museum Objects' makes available in a
single volume, a survey of the chemical composition, properties and
analysis of the whole range of organic materials incorporated into
objects and artworks found in museum collections. The authors cover
the fundamental chemistry of the bulk materials such as wood,
paper, natural fibres and skin products, as well as that of the
relatively minor components incorporated as paint, media,
varnishes, adhesives and dyes. This expanded second edition, now in
paperback, follows the structure of the first, though it has been
extensively updated. In addition to chapters on basic organic
chemistry, analytical methods, analytical findings and fundamental
aspects of deterioration, the subject matter is grouped as far as
possible by broad chemical class - oils and fats, waxes, bitumens,
carbohydrates, proteins, natural resins, dyestuffs and synthetic
polymers. This is an essential purchase for all practising and
student conservators, restorers, museum scientists, curators and
organic chemists.
This book provides an overview of background information on the
epidemiology, biology, and pathophysiology of HIV infection. It
presents the spectrum of HIV disease from acute infection to
specific syndrome. The book reviews the management of specific
opportunistic infections.
The Survival of a Counterculture is a lively, engaging look into
the ways communards, or people who live in communes, maintain,
modify, use, and otherwise live with their convictions while they
attempt to get through the problems of everyday life. Communal
families shape their norms to the circumstances they live with,
just as on a larger scale nations and major institutions also shape
their ideologies to the pressures of circumstance they feel. With a
new introduction by the author that brings his work up to date,
this volume raises important questions regarding sociological
theory.
"The Survival of a Counterculture" is a lively, engaging look into
the ways communards, or people who live in communes, maintain,
modify, use, and otherwise live with their convictions while they
attempt to get through the problems of everyday life. Communal
families shape their norms to the circumstances they live with,
just as on a larger scale nations and major institutions also shape
their ideologies to the pressures of circumstance they feel. With a
new introduction by the author that brings his work up to date,
this volume raises important questions regarding sociological
theory.
The three years since our last conference in San Francisco have
again seen a dramatic expansion of the number of antivirals either
licensed or in the late stages of clinical trials. d4T is now
licensed for HIV infection, famciclovir and the oral pro-drug of
acyclovir, valacyclovir, are now licensed for VZV infections in
some countries. Moreover. oral ganciclovir, cidofovir, and
sorivudine are not far behind. Clinical trials with the second-site
reverse transcriptase inhibitors and the protease inhibitors for
HlV infection are proceeding rapidly and on a broad scale, and the
preliminary results would suggest that several of these classes of
drugs will be licensed as well. Despite this optimism, however,
there is increasing evidence that antiviral-resistant strains of
pathogenic viruses will be a significant problem, perhaps
especially with therapy of HIV infection, and there remains a
desperate need for improved drugs (with either improved efficacy or
decreased toxicity, or both) for CMV and HIV infections. This book
is the edited proceedings of the Fourth Triennial Conference on
Antiviral Chemotherapy, held in San Francisco, in November 1994.
The conference was sponsored by the University of California, San
Francisco, and co-sponsored by the International Society for
Antiviral Research (ISAR), the Macfarlane Burnet Centre for Medical
Research in Melbourne, Australia, and the Australian National
Centre for HIV Virology Research. The conference had been organized
to present an overview of the field of antiviral chemotherapy.
Scientists and clinicians attending the last "New Directions in
Antiviral Therapy" conference in late 1994 could hardly have
predicted the revolution in the management of patients with HIV
infection that has occurred since. Two new classes of
antiretrovirals have been licensed, the second-site RT inhibitors
and the protease inhibitors; the long in cubation period of active
HIV infection, when the infection is clinically latent, is now un
derstood to be a period of intense viral replication and turnover
of CD4 lymphocytes; measurements of HI V RNA concentration in
plasma have been shown to be essential tools for monitoring the
course of HIV infection, deciding when to treat, and assessing the
re sults of treatment; and finally, combinations of
antiretrovirals, particularly combinations including protease
inhibitors, have been shown to have dramatically beneficial effects
on patients with HIV infection. These advances, coupled with new
drugs for the management of herpesvirus infections, have made
dramatic differences in the quality and length of life of
HIV-infected patients. Additional advances have been made since
1994 in the prevention or management of influenza virus
(zanamavir), respiratory syncytial virus (palvizumab), hepatitis B
virus (lamivudine and famciclovir), and enterovirus infections
(pleconaril). It is difficult to re member that only slightly more
than a decade ago there were only a handful of antiviral agents
available (none of which were antiretrovirals), and a number of
those were either highly toxic, of dubious efficacy, or both."
John Mills provides a critical survey of the way economics has
developed. He argues that the main goal of economics should be to
show how to achieve a combination of economic growth, full
employment, low inflation, avoidance of extreme poverty, and
sustainability. From the ancient world up to the late 20th century,
that it has failed to do so is neither inevitable nor
accidental--It has failed because of a combination of intellectual
error and the effects of social and political pressure, which Mills
claims could and should have been avoided.
John Mills provides a critical survey of the way economics has developed. He argues that the main goal of economics ought to be to show how to achieve a combination of economic growth, full employment, low inflation, avoidance of extreme poverty, and sustainability. That it has failed to do so is neither inevitable nor accidental. It has failed because of a combination of intellectual error and the effects of social and political pressure, which Mills claims could and should have been avoided.
America's Soluble Problems , while recognising the many successes
of the US economy, analyses its well known problems with a fresh
new approach. Are slow growth, stagnant living standards for many,
increasing poverty for those worst off, the hollowing out of much
US manufacturing, balance of payments and fiscal deficits, all
inevitable? America's Soluble Problems argues that they are not,
and that entirely achievable changes in macro - economic policy
could transform the prospects for the US economy and for most
American citizens.
America's Soluble Problems , while recognising the many successes
of the US economy, analyses its well known problems with a fresh
new approach. Are slow growth, stagnant living standards for many,
increasing poverty for those worst off, the hollowing out of much
US manufacturing, balance of payments and fiscal deficits, all
inevitable? America's Soluble Problems argues that they are not,
and that entirely achievable changes in macro - economic policy
could transform the prospects for the US economy and for most
American citizens.
Scientists and clinicians attending the last "New Directions in
Antiviral Therapy" conference in late 1994 could hardly have
predicted the revolution in the management of patients with HIV
infection that has occurred since. Two new classes of
antiretrovirals have been licensed, the second-site RT inhibitors
and the protease inhibitors; the long in cubation period of active
HIV infection, when the infection is clinically latent, is now un
derstood to be a period of intense viral replication and turnover
of CD4 lymphocytes; measurements of HI V RNA concentration in
plasma have been shown to be essential tools for monitoring the
course of HIV infection, deciding when to treat, and assessing the
re sults of treatment; and finally, combinations of
antiretrovirals, particularly combinations including protease
inhibitors, have been shown to have dramatically beneficial effects
on patients with HIV infection. These advances, coupled with new
drugs for the management of herpesvirus infections, have made
dramatic differences in the quality and length of life of
HIV-infected patients. Additional advances have been made since
1994 in the prevention or management of influenza virus
(zanamavir), respiratory syncytial virus (palvizumab), hepatitis B
virus (lamivudine and famciclovir), and enterovirus infections
(pleconaril). It is difficult to re member that only slightly more
than a decade ago there were only a handful of antiviral agents
available (none of which were antiretrovirals), and a number of
those were either highly toxic, of dubious efficacy, or both."
The three years since our last conference in San Francisco have
again seen a dramatic expansion of the number of antivirals either
licensed or in the late stages of clinical trials. d4T is now
licensed for HIV infection, famciclovir and the oral pro-drug of
acyclovir, valacyclovir, are now licensed for VZV infections in
some countries. Moreover. oral ganciclovir, cidofovir, and
sorivudine are not far behind. Clinical trials with the second-site
reverse transcriptase inhibitors and the protease inhibitors for
HlV infection are proceeding rapidly and on a broad scale, and the
preliminary results would suggest that several of these classes of
drugs will be licensed as well. Despite this optimism, however,
there is increasing evidence that antiviral-resistant strains of
pathogenic viruses will be a significant problem, perhaps
especially with therapy of HIV infection, and there remains a
desperate need for improved drugs (with either improved efficacy or
decreased toxicity, or both) for CMV and HIV infections. This book
is the edited proceedings of the Fourth Triennial Conference on
Antiviral Chemotherapy, held in San Francisco, in November 1994.
The conference was sponsored by the University of California, San
Francisco, and co-sponsored by the International Society for
Antiviral Research (ISAR), the Macfarlane Burnet Centre for Medical
Research in Melbourne, Australia, and the Australian National
Centre for HIV Virology Research. The conference had been organized
to present an overview of the field of antiviral chemotherapy.
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