Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Biomass-Derived Materials for Environmental Applications presents state-of-the-art coverage of bio-based materials that can be applied to address the growing global concern of pollutant discharge in the environment. The book examines the production, characterization and application of bio-based materials for remediation. Organized clearly by type of material, the book includes details on lignocellulosic materials, natural clays, carbonaceous materials, composites and advanced materials from natural origins. Readers will find an interdisciplinary and practical examination of these materials and their use in environmental remediation that will be valuable to environmental scientists, materials scientists, environmental chemists, and environmental engineers alike.

Green Technologies for the Defluoridation of Water focuses on the application of green technologies for the defluoridation of water using adsorption processes and nanoadsorbents. Chapters cover the environmental and health effects of fluoride presence in ambient air, food, water, soil and vegetation, focus on approaches for analytical methods to determine the presence of fluoride in water, review various types of conventional and advanced techniques used for removal, focus on adsorption as a green technology, review various types of adsorbents, and emphasize a techno-economic assessment with respect to conventional and non-conventional technologies. This book provides readers with comprehensive methods and applications, while also presenting the global impacts of fluoride ion on the environment, including in drinking water, food, air, soil and vegetables. The authors compare different defluoridation technologies in detail, providing researchers in environmental science and nanotechnology fields with the information they need to create solutions on how to safely remove fluoride from water in a sustainable and cost-effective way.

Advances in Nano-fertilizers and Nano-pesticides in Agriculture: A Smart Delivery System for Crop Improvement explores the use of nanotechnology for the controlled delivery of pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers that improve the safety of products while also increasing the efficiency of food production and decreased environmental pollution. The development of nanodevices such as smart delivery systems to target specific sites, as well as nanocarriers for chemical controlled release are currently important aspects in novel agriculture and require a strong foundation of understanding, not only the technology, but also the resulting impacts.

Open innovation has revolutionized the way businesses adapt to situations, handle problems, and interact with other corporations. Establishing these collaborative business practices has the potential to support and improve business operations across fields, which makes further study vital in order to properly implement the best practices and techniques. As open innovation continues to develop and provide businesses with numerous opportunities for growth, it is crucial to understand and address the trends and challenges of innovation for business and countries' economic and social development. Impact of Open Innovation on the World Economy is an essential reference source that provides examinations on issues of open innovation in the context of organizations and its links to entrepreneurship, strategy, and marketing. The book further provides necessary resources to adopt and implement new business and social solutions. Covering a range of topics such as firm performance and business collaborations, this reference work is ideal for entrepreneurs, managers, technology developers, policymakers, researchers, academicians, practitioners, instructors, and students.

The phenomenon of aging results from the transition from a demographic model whose birth and mortality rates are exceptionally high to another model in which both demographic factors are increasingly lower. Today's organizations will encounter issues related to the aging of their workforce. It is necessary to consider and implement new strategies through age management that can contribute to society at various phases of life. Examining the Aging Workforce and Its Impact on Economic and Social Development builds on existing literature in the field of the aging workforce for the economic and social development of countries while providing additional research opportunities in this dynamic and growing field. This book reflects on this critical issue, increasing the understanding of the importance of the aging workforce in the context of the business and management area, and providing relevant academic work, empirical research findings, and an overview of this relevant field of study. Covering topics such as hiring practices, workplace age diversity, and retention practices, this premier reference source is an excellent resource for government officials, business leaders, human resource managers, sociologists, students and educators of higher education, librarians, researchers, and academicians.

Effect of High-Pressure Technologies on Enzyme: Science and Applications provides a deep, practical discussion of high-pressure processing (HPP) and high-pressure homogenization (HPH) technologies and biochemical approaches, applied across research and industry, with applications ranging from food to pharmaceuticals and commercial enzyme production. Early chapters discuss foundational aspects of HPP and HPH approaches; the science of enzyme modification; and basic aspects of enzyme activity, stability, and structure as studied in biochemical processes. Later chapters consider the effect of HPP and HPH technologies and their mechanisms of controlling enzyme modification to improve enzyme performance for chosen applications. Special attention is paid to the application of HPP and HPH technologies and enzyme modifications in food processing, microbial enzyme modification, drug discovery, and production of other commercial enzymes, as well as the challenges of undesirable enzyme inactivation. The final chapter discusses future directions of the field and technologies, and expanded applications.