Analyses evolving doctrines and new and disruptive technologies (including nuclear deterrence), and how these impact the conflict dynamics between India and Pakistan. Evaluates the ways and means by which crisis and deterrence stability is achieved between India and Pakistan. Will help to predict future course of conflicts and offer a future policy framework for arms race / deterrence stability.

The termite fauna of an area, locally known as Mianwali, was little known in the past and this fact prompted a dire need to carry out a detailed survey of District Mianwali regarding termite fauna and swarming patterns. The present survey revealed 16 species of termite, of which 06 species are new records for the area studied. Regarding swarming, the present study indicates that wind speed and temperature appear to be the most influencing factors as humidity remained more or less in the same range during the study period. More detailed studies spread over many years are required to finally summarize the exact flight period of different species in relation to environmental factors.

Maize has always been an important in cereals as it has been used as food, fodder and feed human consumption, animals and poultry respectively. Improvement in quality components of maize crop is the most important task to fulfill the nutritional requirements. Maize flour and its products are the main source of nutrition for its consumers. Genetic studies provide us a base and approach to improve the quality components, various physiological and morphological traits associated with yield and yield related traits.The cultivated maize scientifically is Zea mays L. that belongs to family kingdom Plantae, subkingdom Tracheobionta, superdivision Spermatophyta, division Magnoliophyta, classLiliopsida, subclass Commelinidae, OrderCyperales, Family Poaceae (grass family), genus Zea (corn), species Zea mays (corn). Itis a diploid specie (2n = 2x = 20) The genusZea includes 6 annual and3 perennial species. Maize has many uses. Its grain is a rich source of starch, vitamins, proteins and minerals. One hundred gram of fresh grain contains 361 calories of energy, 9.4 g protein; 4.3g fat, 74.4g carbohydrate, 1.8g fibre; 1.3g ash, 10.6 per cent water, 140mg vitamins, 9mg calcium.

The present book investigate the morphological, palynological, anatomical features and ethnobotanical profile of 23 species of aquatic plants belonging to 17 families of Hazara Divison, Pakistan. The objective of the study was to identify and classify the plants on the basis of above mentioned studies and to study the intraspecific, intrageneric and intergeneric relationships among species. This study was also carried out to highlight the ethnobotanical knowledge including local name, habitat, parts used, medicinal uses and other uses of plants. Among pollens maximum polar size and equatorial diameter was reported in Coix lacryma-jobi L was 83.75 um and 72.5 umwhereas the lowest polar and equatorial diameter was observed in Nasturtium officinale R.Br i.e. 17.5 um and 14.37 um respectively.Maximum exine thickness was observed in Eclipta alba L 4.37 um whereas lowest exine thickness was shown by Bacopa monneiri (L.) Pennell i.e 1.62 um. The highest percentage pollen fertility was reported in Eclipta alba L i.e. 96.29 and the lowest percentage fertility was observed in Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms i.e. 70.3. The highest trichome length was observed in the abaxial of leaf epider"

The genus Hieroglyphus Krauss (1877) reviewed by Mason (1973) comprises a number of species. Of these three species H.perpolita (Uvarov), H.oryzivorus Carl and H.nigrorepletus I.Bolivar occur in Pakistan. Certain species of Hieroglyphus present interesting complex as they appear in swarm (Ghouri and Ahmed 1960), while H.nigrorepletus, H.oryzivorus and H.daganensis are dimorphic, occurring in both brachypterous as well as in macropterous forms. According to Uvarov (1922) macropterous form occurs incidentally. H. nigroreletus I.Bolivar is reported as a major pest of rice, sugarcane, wheat, maize in India and Pakistan (Roonwal, 1978). It was in 1949 that this pest was reported by Bhatia to be causing extensive damage to millets in the Ajmer Marwara state and in the adjoining areas of Rajastan. About 75% of the village covering an area of 112.707 acres of maize and jowar in Ajmer-Marwara state was reported to be infested with this grasshopper and the loss caused by this pest was reported to be six million rupees. Inspite of these reports, this pest did not attract much attention of economic entomologists.

Naswar is a Smokeless Tobacco Product (STP) widely used in Pakistan. It has been correlated with oral and esophageal cancer in recent clinical studies. The toxic effects associated with S.T.P have been associated with trace level contaminants present in these products. That is why toxin level of Pakistani Naswar is reported for the first time in this study. Thirty Pakistani brands of Naswar were tested for a variety of toxic constituents and carcinogens such as cadmium, arsenic, lead and other carcinogenic metals; nitrite and nitrate; and nicotine and pH. The average values of all the toxins studied were well above their allowable limits, making the product a health risk for its consumers. Calculated life time cancer risk is well above the minimum 'target range' for potentially hazardous substances.This study shows that the production, packaging, sale and consumption of Naswar should be regulated, and the general public be made aware of its harmful effects, so that to protect them from the health hazards associated with its consumption.

Pakistan is an agricultural country still spending millions of dollars on the import of edible oil, which is a major drain on the foreign exchange reserves of the country. The indigenous oil production of the country could not match the growing demand of population. The domestic edible production only meet about 25% of the requirement and has grown @ 2.6% annually over last 20 years, while consumption has increased at 9%. Among different oilseed crops rapeseed and mustards contribute 21% towards national oil production but the quality of oil is low due to presence undesirable fatty acids i.e., erucic acid and glucosinolates. This book primarily focuses on the genotypic evaluation of advanced lines of Rapeseed. Twelve genotypes Hyola-308, Bullet, PB-4, ZII-98, Altex, Oscar, Dunkeld, Siren, PC-89, Altex x Shirallee, Altex x Candle and Altex x PC-89 were studied. This comprehensive and profusely illustrated book will be highly valuable for undergraduate and postgraduate students of Agriculture and researchers involved in the plant breeding & genetics. Therefore, this book should be available in each library.

National Policy for Development and Empowerment of Women (NPDEW) was formally enunciated in March 2002 by the Government of Ex-President Pervez Musharraf with the main objective to stop Violence against Women in the country and to provide a friendly atmosphere and equal status to Pakistani woman vis-a- vis man. The Government recognized that VAW is a provocative subject and thus in this text the government introduced various measures to cope with this wide spread and un-human problem in the society of Pakistan. This study was based on how much this Policy and other government committments helped in the elimination of VAW from the country. In spite of the announcement of the NPDEW and other measures the government has been unsuccessful to practically implement this Policy and fulfill its committments. Still there are huge gaps between theory and practices (Legislation and Ground reality). The book in hand provides the base line information for the policy makers, legislators, law students, women sectors NGOs & media. Therefore, it should be in each and every library.

Maize is the third main cereal crop after wheat and rice in Pakistan, and second after wheat in Khyber Pukhtunkhwa. Horse purslane (Trianthema portulacastrum L) a member of family Aizoaceae, is a common weed of maize, cotton and vegetables all over Pakistan (Hashim and Marwat, 2002). Due to indeterminate habit, vegetative and reproductive growth continues for the entire life span (Nayyar et al., 2001). Out of 69 weed species T. portulacastrum was realized as the most aggressive weed of maize crop (Kumar and Singh, 1983). At a density of 12 plants m-2 of T. portulacastrum gave lower maize yield of 3.54 t ha-1 than weed-free plots 3.89 t ha-1 (Ansar et al., 1996), and infestation can lead to 32.3% losses in maize crop (Balyan and Bhan, 1989). Horse purlane caused 25 million dollars loss to maize production each year in Pakistan (PhD Thesis of Muhammad Saeed).

The book in hand provides base-line information on the chemical constituents of Primula macrophylla D. Don like isolation and characterization of nine compounds namely -sitosterol, flavone, 2 -methoxy flavone, 3 -methoxy flavone, 3.3 -dihydroxy chalcone, -sitosterol glucoside, 2 -hydroxy 7-O- - D-glucoside "macrophylloside" and two triterpenoid saponins, PM-F and PM-F2 . Four compounds namely 3.3 -dihydroxy chalcone, macrophylloside, PM-F and PM-F2 were new while 2 -methoxy flavone and 3 - methoxy flavone are reported for the first time from the family Primulaceae and are very rare. - sitosterol, -sitosterol glucoside and flavone are reported for the first time from this plant in this part of the world. The book will certainly help the graduate, post-graduate students, pharmacologists and researchers as useful guideline in their respective fields.

This book primarily focuses on the importance of natural herbicides (allelochemicals) in biological control of weeds. Trials were carried out to investigate efficacy of sole natural herbicides and their mixture with reduced doses of synthetic herbicides to control weeds with an over all objective of minimizing reliance on synthetic herbicides. Specific objectives of the study were: to assess the effect of natural herbicides on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat and its weeds under laboratory conditions, to screen natural herbicides and evaluate the possible synergistic effect of their mixed application with synthetic herbicides on growth of wheat and its weeds control under field conditions. This comprehensive and profusely illustrated book will be highly valuable for under-graduate and post-graduate students of Agriculture and researchers involved in the biological control of weeds and enhancing crop yields in an environment friendly manner. Therefore, this book should be available in each library.

Groundnut being arid agriculture crop is facing serious pod yield reducing threats. The global warming further deteriorates this menace and now drought emerges as major limiting factor in groundnut yield maximization. In this study different genotypes were evaluated at three different Agro-Eclogical Zones to identy high pod yielding and adopted groundnut genotype(s) for commercial cultivation. The book in hand certainly provides base-line information and guiding principles for groundnut researchers, planners, students, progressive growers and organizations. Therefore, it should be in each library.

This book provides the fundamental knowledge on Pest- Host Interactions in Integrated Pest Management of Stored Product Pest, Cigarette Beetle (Lasioderma serricorne). It provides training material for food / feed material industries and extremely valuable information for tobacco companies, food organizations, researchers, university students and technicians engaged in studies and control of stored product pests and therefore should be in each agricultural library. This book discusses the fundamentals of Stored-product pest management needs to be considered in planning, implementation, and evaluation of a successful pest management program. With recent regulatory changes, customer's concern about pesticide residues in tobacco and other foods, and companies embracing IPM and alternative approaches for Stored Product Pest Management, this book is timely developed. It provides the base-line information of IPM like pest-host interactions responsible for susceptibility and resistance responses of Cigarette Beetle (Lasioderma serricorne).

This study investigated elementary school teachers' perceptions of customer focus as practiced in Islamic schools in Michigan. In addition, the study compared Islamic elementary school teachers' perceptions of customer focus in education and their levels of job satisfaction with teachers in public and Catholic schools. A total of 107 teachers in nine Islamic schools participated by completing three instruments: Customer Service Orientation Scale, Job Satisfaction Survey, and a short demographic survey. The Customer Service Orientation Scale measured staff responsiveness to external customers, instructional systems, environment - physical, environment - affective, and communication. The subscales included on the Job Satisfaction survey included satisfaction with: administrator, teaching, religious aspects of teaching, factors related to work, professionalism, challenges, parent support, students, economic factors, other factors, and collaboration.

Sayyid Saabiq (1915-2000 C.E.) wrote the book in Arabic at the request of Imam Hassan al-Banna, the founder of the Muslim Brotherhood (Ikhwan). Every Fiqh ruling on Supererogatory Prayer in the book goes back to the Qur'an and Sunnah and Sabiq dealt with all four madhahib objectively, with no preferential treatment to any.