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Approximately 2.5 billion cases of diarrhoea were noted worldwide
in 2004, which results in 1.5 million deaths among children under
the age of five. Greater than half of these were in Africa and
South Asia. This is decreased from a death rate of 5 million per
year two decades ago. Diarrhoea remains the second leading cause of
death (16%). Since ancient time a number of herbal medicines have
been used in place of synthetic drug due to its side effects.Mucosa
capsule consists of A.marmelos, B.aristata, T. foenum gracum, P.
granatum, H. rosa sinensis, P. longifolia. Mucosa and developed
capsule had exhibited significant dose dependent Anti- Diarrhoeal
and Antioxidant activities conforming the indication of the
formulation. The established parameters can be utilized for
maintaining uniform quality, purity, efficacy and safety of the
Mucosa capsule.
Colorectal cancer is second leading cause of deaths in the United
States. Various approaches available for The poor site specificity
of pH dependent systems, because of large variation in the pH of
gastrointestinal tract, was well established. The timed-release
systems release their load after a predetermined period of
administration. These are designed to resist the release of the
drug in stomach and small intestine and release of the drug takes
place in colon. Methotrexate (MTX) is a used in the treatment of
colon cancer and now a days rheumatic disease. MTX is a folate
antimetabolite. MTX has since been used in the treatment of various
malignancies including osteosarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma,
Hodgkin's disease, cutaneous T cell lymphoma, lung cancer, colon
cancer and breast cancer. The conventional dosage forms which are
used for colorectal cancer normally dissolve and absorbs in the
stomach and small intestine; thus a very less quantity of dose of
drug reaches to colonic region. Aim of present work is to develop
and characterize colon targeted tablet of MTX for for treatment of
colorectal cancer using different polymer and excipient by
compression coating technology.
The aim of present research work is to develop single pulse
pulsatile release tablets that release Lornoxicam instantly after
the lag time of about 5 hour which can be used for treatment of
rheumatoid arthritis where symptoms are at their prime in the
morning hours. Such a pulsatile release tablet of Lornoxicam taken
at bed time and release the drug in early morning, thus enhance
patient compliance. From various approaches erodible compression
coating system is selected for the formulation of pulsatile release
tablets, in which outer coating containing mixture of hydrophilic
polymer (sodium alginate) and hydrophobic polymer (ethylcellulose).
The release profile of compression coated tablet exhibited lag time
followed by burst release, in which outer shell break into two
halves.
In past statistic formulation optimized by response surface
methodology (RSM) is one of the techniques that have been employed
to develop and formulate controlled release dosage forms but
limitations to the RSM technique another technique called
artificial neural networks (ANN) has recently gained wide
popularity in the development of controlled release dosage forms.
In this review articles most powerfully technique ANN has been
optimized the formulation in controlled release drug delivery
systems. The theory of arti cial neural networks is brie y reviewed
focusing on supervised and unsupervised techniques which have great
impact on current pharmaceutical applications. The basic ANN
structure, Learning Laws, Network architectures and generalized
distance function method to development of the ANN model and an
explanation of how to use ANN to design and develop controlled
release drug delivery systems are discussed. Overall the use of ANN
offers a new dimension to pharmaceutical systems study because of
its unique advantages, such as nonlinear processing capacity and
the ability to model poorly understood systems.
The use of polymeric matrix devices to control the release of
variety of therapeutic agents has become increasingly important in
development of the modified release dosage forms. The device may be
a swellable, hydrophilic monolithic systems, an erosion controlled
monolithic system or a non erodible system. The initial burst
release of 5-Fluoruracil from such matrix tablet surface can be
controlled by compression coating technology. Appropriate
combination of hydrophilic polymer in upper and lower layer of
tablet can govern the release of 5-fluoruracil as well as lag time
to deliver it in effective concentration to the colon with reduced
toxicity. The lag time can be controlled by appropriate combination
of polymer and excipients in coating layer. The release mechanism
of 5-fluoruracil from the compression coated tablets was controlled
by the rate of water uptake into the core tablet, which in turn was
dependent upon the channeling agent used, the type and
concentration of polymer. The hydration and swelling of these
polymers results in the formation of gel which control the release
of 5-fluoruracil from tablet.
Various approaches have been paused to increase the duration of
oral dosage form in the stomach, including floating systems,
swelling and expanding system, modified shape system, high density
systems and other delayed gastric emptying devices. (Magnetic
systems, Super porous -biodegradable hydrogel systems).
Hydrodynamically balanced systems (HBS) -incorporated buoyant
materials enable the device to float. Raft systems incorporate
alginate gels - these have a carbonate component and, upon reaction
with gastric acid, bubbles form in the gel, enabling floating.
Swelling type of dosage form are such that after swelling, this
product swell to extent that prevent their exit from the stomach
through the pylorus. As, a result, the dosage form retained in the
stomach for a longer period of time. These systems may be referred
to as a "Plug type system," since they exhibit tendency to remain
logged in the pyloric sphincters.
Dissolution is important parameter to achieve desired concentration
of drug in systemic circulation for elicit pharmacological
response. The formulation of poorly soluble drugs has been the
subjects of much research, as approximately 40% of new chemical
entities develop in pharmaceutical industries are insoluble in
nature. In the present investigation drugs which are practically
insoluble in gastric fluid and having high permeability through
stomach were selected. The rational for selecting such type was
"Drugs which are only permeable through stomach but due to its
solubility limitation in gastric fluid they can not enter in to
systemic circulation, further more gastric empting time is ranging
form 30 mins to 2 hrs after this time drugs enter in to small
intestine where they can soluble but can not permeable through its
membrane due to its permeation limitation." To improve dissolution
of such drugs in stomach are challenging and rational. Attempts
were made to prepare formulations which would dissolved completely
within 30 minutes or retain in stomach for more than 2 hrs if drugs
can not soluble in 2 hrs even after addition of solubilising
enhancing excipients.
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