Even with the strongest motivation to make the ideal of love a reality, men and women have always had the greatest difficultly in bringing such desire to fulfilment in a world that does not understand deep feeling, dominated as it is by the tenets of materialism. Consequently, intimate companionship, as a unique, mutually reinforcing partnership that develops within a particular social and economic context, must be carefully considered from various perspectives. Indeed, even in the happiest marriage, the couple do not live on an island, but are affected by the events that unfold around them. The expression of "love" is more than simply two people occupying the same residence, for they must deal with mundane issues, such as income and employment, as well as bills and expenses. Western society has offered guidance in the form of viable patterns of living, a succession of accomplishments, that can lead to contentment, but finding these "pathways" in the modern age can be elusive.In The Dimensions of Companionship, Paul Dennis Sporer examines the realities of marriage in the contemporary world, where the individual attempts to reconcile complex emotional desires with numerous material demands. Through exacting and innovative use of statistics and records, Sporer undertakes an unprecedented wide-ranging analysis of how economic and social factors affect the individual's interpretation of intimate relationships, by studying the interactions between living arrangements, education, mass communication, and the desire for privacy. Using these methods, this work attempts to address the issue of whether the modern preoccupations with self-sufficiency and social advancement are compatible with married life. Sporer investigates the problems that can arise when the various forces of society interfere with the individual's endeavor to plan his life in a way that takes into account the strengths and limitations of his own personality. Many men and women claim that they have "freely" selected their life path, especially in the domain of relationships. This independent attitude has resulted in an alteration in the timeline of meaningful events, and the attainment of important roles, such as graduate, career person, spouse, and parent, now occurs in a different sequence than in the past, leading to difficulties in obtaining both occupation and relationship satisfaction. The common view is that modern people are strong enough to tolerate emotional denial, but evidence indicates that the opposite is true, and people will take whatever steps necessary to obtain the happiness that they lack. Research shows that a seemingly "irrational" desire to inaugurate an intimate relationship is often the result of background issues, such as a lack of privacy, a large family, or the loss of a parent, particularly a father who acted as a mentor; the relationship is sought that will provide the emotional and mental support that was lacking at home. Various factors, therefore, can lead to delaying or denying the experience of beneficial companionship. The men and women of our time undoubtedly utilize much of their intellectual and emotional energy for the purpose of increasing their income and career status. Sporer concludes that, despite this materialistic emphasis, the ultimate goal for all individuals is to develop and maintain a companionate relationship that delivers respect and consideration, in congruence with the requirements of a modern industrial social environment. However, the influences that can bring about failure in marriage are more powerful than ever, and ironically, this is happening in a period when marriage is the only truly stable intimate relationship. The Dimensions of Companionship puts forward the idea that any intelligent and resourceful man or woman can bring their ideal of love into reality, by understanding the way in which the material demands of life integrate with individual motivations.

Throughout history, men and women during courtship have paid close attention to each other's beliefs and opinions. The reason for this is clear: the relationship could not possibly endure if there were serious disagreements about the "right" or "wrong" way to do things. Reaching the ideal form of companionship necessitates establishing a foundation of interlocking attributes upon which to build a marriage. Yet certain issues remain, such as how much should one press for similarity in viewpoint, how differences in outlook should be handled, and what level of difference should be considered too extreme. Equal but Different, by Paul Dennis Sporer, is an exceptional book that provides an original perspective on how we might comprehend a person's true nature through the interpretation of traits. Using analyses of historical events, census statistics, opinion polls, surveys, and studies, Sporer examines the devices that people use to cognize, match, and adjust patterns of opinions and attitudes. He finds that similarities between men and women in preferences and habits can smooth the path through courtship and into married life. However, it is essential to understand that differences can serve a vital function as well; "difference" is not fundamentally equivalent to "disagreement" or "dispute." Although perceptions of "difference" are to an extent derived from familial and cultural factors, prejudices can stand in the way of seeing how variations in personality can actually strengthen a relationship. The book investigates changes in interpretative concepts about personality attributes, where the traditional ideal of love has not been rejected, but instead has been "put on hold." A new, defective ideal has taken its place, one that incorporates self-centered motivations. Sporer finds that in the present generation, many men and women strongly prefer that the range of traits be "compressed" into simplistic conformity. He identifies the reasons why spouses are expected to be more similar to each other in personality. Indeed, a remarkable overlapping in temperament, background, and opinions in the "ideal" marriage partner is now required because fewer compromises have to be made; the perception is that less sacrifice means more independent behavior and thus higher social status. Innovative social methods are utilized to create a congruent and homogeneous set of traits, with higher level education being the most powerful and durable of these. Sporer also focuses on the difficulties that result from the "homogenizing" of relationships, such as increased competition between older and younger men for a younger woman's attentions. The book also explores the historic roots of these contemporary manifestations. In the early modern age, the fears engendered by interpersonal differences first led to various attempts to delay marriage, as well as an increase in unusual arrangements, such as marriage of first cousins. In fact, the changes in gender roles in the Nineteenth century can be largely attributed to efforts in homogenizing personality traits. Further effects included the modification of a range of beliefs about domestic life, such as reducing the size of the "ideal" number of children that a woman should have. We can see that the understanding of the most distinctive, intimate, and individualistic aspects of a person should be of critical importance in developing a long-lasting, viable relationship. Equal but Different gives us an enlightened new perspective on the inner meaning and value of personality traits, and how such attributes affect relations between the sexes. Although similarities in viewpoint and background can be strongly attractive from the beginning of a relationship, dissimilarities can open up rewarding new vistas that benefit both the man and woman.

Over the course of many generations, the concept of family has served a vital function in every community. It has always had the power to transform a household, from a mere collection of persons, into a healthy, solid base from which individuality can naturally spring forth. Family stands as a vanguard in civilized society, and in fact, it is the only place where consideration, respect, and mutual reliance can effectively interact to create a nurturing environment. The loss of support within the childhood home can lead to potentially devastating consequences later in life, due to poorly conceived attitudes about relationships. The Concept of Family, by Paul Dennis Sporer, is a valuable contribution to the field of family studies. Through a comprehensive investigation, this work reveals many of the most overlooked issues concerning family life. In his research, Sporer has discovered, that contrary to popular opinion, people living before the modern age were morally stronger and more individualistic than in our time, and men and women were able to co-exist harmoniously with each other in happier relationships. European societies have for centuries endeavored to give everyone the platform upon which to build a distinctive, fulfilling life, by developing the individual's mental faculties through the positive interactions found in the family home. Such inner strength meant that our ancestors could achieve success in business and community while maintaining their individuality, oftentimes with relatively few resources. The book elucidates the reasons for this traditional superior standard of individual accomplishment. Older European cultures believed it was important to teach children about mutualism and reciprocity from a young age, by elaborating on those aspects that strengthen and solidify a relationship. Family structure factors were significant, since positive mental qualities could only be gained in households where one-to-one relations provided meaningful information, advice, and training. In these families, children developed evaluative mechanisms early in life, allowing them to correctly ascertain appropriate behavior. Further, parents encouraged their children to form their own rules and values, as preparation for the day when they would take their position in a complex and changing society. Perhaps most importantly, parents wanted their children to look at all facets of a situation, not only parts of it. Social principles are ineffective when applied piecemeal, and so children were motivated to prioritize and bring together these ideas into an integrated whole by using mature, advanced methods. Yet, despite the importance of creating healthy individualism, in modern society the concept of family is poorly integrated, because many men and women find themselves drawing their experiences about "family" from unrewarding and disjointed situations. Thus, in considering the pitfalls inherent in contemporary cultures, it is apparent that social factors exist that can overpower the process of individuation. Sporer concludes that, even in an environment where there are many failed relationships resulting from immaturity and selfishness, there are still effective ways to find a marriage partner without compromising moral principles or personal goals. To this end, the dynamics of companionship must be adequately assimilated in childhood, so that, as adults, men and women can apply this wisdom to the family that they will establish. It is indeed difficult to bring into reality the ideal relationship that one holds in the mind, but The Concept of Family facilitates the realization of this elusive image of fulfillment by revealing what lies behind the great intrinsic need for genuine respect and considerate behavior.

There is only one place in a civilized society where men and women can see the various ideals about life effectively balanced, and that is in the intimate relationship of marriage. The path to matrimony starts with friendship, but an essential mutual commitment must then occur that deepens the relationship, and takes it from the merely mundane into the transcendent. The love that begins in courtship will find completeness in a partnership that is characterized by devotion, truthfulness, and empathy. Therefore, by marrying, men and women make the deliberate choice to forego some aspects of their former life with the hope of achieving greater happiness by sharing everything with another person. Yet, the decisions that have to be made on this path are sometimes difficult, and the individual may be unable to find advantageous direction and guidance. Liberating Love, by Paul Dennis Sporer, is a unique book that examines the inspired process of building relationships from an historical standpoint, with step-by-step coverage of an ideal marriage, from initial friendship, to weighing social, economic, and emotional variables, to securing lasting mutual enhancement. Thus, the stages of relationship construction are explored, with detailed discussions about the substantive facets of each stage. From these studies it becomes apparent that contented, fulfilling relationships were not only common in the age before the modern era, but expected. In order to understand how effectively our ancestors carefully and conscientiously built their marital relationships, information is drawn from numerous events and lives across history and cultures, demonstrating instances of expert handling of difficult issues in a variety of environments. The personal thoughts people had in relation to intimacy are reconstructed, not only revealing their goals, fears, strengths, and supports, but clarifying the methods they used to deal with loneliness, work, travel, and social pressures. From examining the experiences of others, everyone will find something useful to integrate into their own life. For example, Sporer reflects on the marriages of famous persons such as W. A. Mozart, John Donne, Heinrich Schutz, and St. Elizabeth of Hungary; he analyzes the intriguing array of relationship practices found in a range of countries, such as Britain, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Spain, and Switzerland; he also reviews the guidance offered on marriage by Roman Catholic and Protestant theologies. These analyses indicate that past generations found success in marriage, because they were more disciplined, broad-minded, and solicitous compared to the people of today. Whatever the individual aspects of a marriage situation, a foundation was established upon which a strong relationship could be built. Men and women often proceeded along a course guided by objective thinking, with a flexible and innovative use of resources. Emotional closeness could readily be obtained through the network of family relations, which was traditionally governed by customs arising from a locally modified form of the universal European "spirit." In this environment, total freedom of association was guaranteed, and people could choose their spouse without interference. It is clear that married couples were also more contented about their place in society, because their status was increased through the empowerment of a cooperative partnership. Indeed, both spouses became stronger than before their marriage. Only within this framework can the ideal of love truly be liberated. Individuals today can learn much from the wisdom that aided the formation of the relationships of our ancestors. Liberating Love is an invaluable source of ideas that can help modern men and women comprehend critical aspects of intimate relationships, for their own benefit and that of others.

In lively and witty prose, Albert Rhodes describes in The French at Home the allures and foibles of the Gallic race. Early in American history, before certain prejudices had set in, this diplomat living in France shows the varied facets of French life, in an age when traditional ideas still predominated. Using many charming examples, Rhodes addresses such subjects as chivalry, speech, epigrams, dress, food - all the things that make the French so distinctive. Rhodes had many opportunities to observe European life during a lengthy foreign residence in the consular and diplomatic service; and the results of his observations are presented here in a form that could be considered both brilliant and instructive. Rhodes not only conveys the ordinary activities he observed as a resident in France, but he also attempts to look deeply into the French character, into a nation's "personality," to perceive what makes them better or worse than Americans. The French at Home is a long neglected book that brings to life the manners and customs of the French at a time when the codes of gallantry were still in force, and art and culture were held in high esteem. Americans have always made rather interesting appraisals of the French. On the one hand, the citizens of the New World have criticized their European counterparts for their social instability, their love of monarchy, their preoccupation with finery, their lack of interest in industrialism; yet at the same time, they have admired their elegance, traditions, art, music and great international influence. Rhodes was well aware of his young nation's uncertain, and at times unreasonable, assessments of this old European country, and his theories aboutthe origins of these views make for fascinating reading. The French at Home is a uniquely rewarding work for both Americans and Frenchmen who desire to understand the cultural factors that shape current international public opinions. Albert Rhodes was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1840. He held many important government positions, representing America abroad. During the administration of President Johnson, he was United States consul at Jerusalem, and under President Grant, he was consul at Rotterdam and charge d'affaires at the Hague. He was also consul at Rouen, France, and at Elberfeld, Germany, from 1877 to 1885. Rhodes frequently contributed to American, French, and British periodicals, largely on the characteristics of life and people on the European continent. Among his books are Jerusalem as it Is (London, 1867); and Monsieur at Home (London, 1886). Paul Dennis Sporer has edited other important works that describe and examine uniquely American social and psychological issues, such as An Incident of Travel, by Arthur Jerome Eddy, End of an Era, by John Sergeant Wise, and Newer Ideals of Peace by Jane Addams.

A masterpiece of psychological evaluation of culture, religion, patriotism and rebellion, The Heart of ryvarta is a penetrating investigation of a complex society at a critical time in its history. At the beginning of the 20th century, India's evolving nationalist movement, led by educated and cultured men such as Gandhi, was gaining strength. The British, whose colonial agencies had dominated Indian life for generations, were unable to fathom this desire for independence. Lawrence Dundas (1876-1961), a statesman and administrator, unlike most of his countrymen, did not contemptuously dismiss this movement, but committed himself to fully understanding the underlying economic and political factors that drove forward its systematic rejection of British rule. However, Dundas takes the discussion much further than politics. Using first-hand observation, as well as in-depth research, he articulates the positive goals of the Indian nationalists, which were founded on the idea of a return to a golden age of peace, wisdom, and fulfilment that existed before the arrival of the colonialists. He also sagaciously analyses the complex social and intellectual mechanisms that regulated, stifled or encouraged the attacks on the institutions of British colonial authority. These mechanisms were often outwardly expressed as religious concepts, some quite startling in their ingenuity. In fact, Dundas believed it was essential to understand these remarkable "myths," and he explains them at length, in a manner that a Westerner can easily comprehend. The author, an aide-de-camp and biographer of the famous Lord Curzon, was extremely unusual, in being a high-ranking political official in India with a scholarlyinterest in sociology, psychology, metaphysics and history. His studies resulted in a very original analysis of current affairs, social class, educational goals, morality and ethics. One might argue that in certain ways he resembled, and even surpassed, Carl Jung in his interpretation of Indian symbolism and cosmology. The Heart of ryvarta is an ambitious work that is almost unique in its impressive ability to reconcile the mystical with the political. Despite his position and background, Dundas demonstrates that he has a profound knowledge of the deep-seated human need for social and cultural development free from external interference. He sympathises with the difficulties of the Indian people, and sincerely attempts to see their desire for autonomy from their perspective. Paul Dennis Sporer has edited other important works that analyze the intersection of social, cultural and political factors, such as Is Secession Treason?, by Albert Bledsoe, Newer Ideals of Peace, by Jane Addams, and The French at Home, by Albert Rhodes.

A common lament among artists is that there are no books available that give specific, practical information about the procedures used by those creative geniuses collectively known as the Old Masters. The reason for this dearth is that such a work's author would have to possess extraordinarily wide-ranging expert knowledge and skills. Thomas Gullick's credentials indicate a great capability in taking up this challenge. He was a professional artist and scholar living in the mid-19th century, and so was in an exemplary position to discuss the intricacies of traditional techniques, and to compare modern systems to the styles and methods of previous eras. The book's exceptionally insightful combination of art history, aesthetic theory and erudite analysis made it highly regarded at the time, and it was given as a prize for outstanding achievement at the Royal College of Art in London. In this important new edition, with a newly compiled comprehensive index, Gullick authoritatively covers the aims and objectives the artist should have when interpreting reality, with stress laid on accuracy of detail, depth and transparency. Apropos of these principles, he skilfully discusses the surprisingly complex theories of art that existed in ancient times, including that of the Egyptians, Assyrians, Greeks, Etruscans, and Romans. Also, the spiritual features of Christian Medieval art are explored, as are the distinctive traits of the national schools of Italy, Germany, the Low Countries, and England. Of particular value to the working artist are the detailed sections dealing with technical issues of pre-modern forms of painting, many of which are poorly understood today, but that could, if used, greatly facilitate and expand the range of visual expression. The reader will learn about various physical processes such as encaustic, mosaic, tempera, fresco, oil and miniature painting. There is also a wealth of knowledge pertaining to implements, vehicles, varnishes, grounds, colours, subjectiles (i.e. supports), chemical formulations, the arrangement of the work-room and studio, and much more. Despite the sophisticated nature of the material, the author does not neglect the human dimension, for he cites pertinent facts, as well as witty anecdotes, from the life stories of many well-known and not so well-known artists.

Although Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin is considered to be the book that most motivated a nation against slavery, it was not a work of fiction, but rather a sociological treatise that perhaps should take that honor. Hinton Rowan Helper, a slaveholder's son, wrote a well-researched and persuasive indictment of slavery, which not only became widely known but also had a major impact on American politics. In fact, it was instrumental in helping Abraham Lincoln win the Presidential election of 1860. However, this work, The Crisis of the American South, is complex, and it would be a mistake to look at it solely as anti-slavery propaganda. Helper, as other authors, argued that the basic injustices within the institution of slavery were a heinous offence against Christian principles. Yet, he went much further than others to document the harm that was actually being done to society by this institution. For example, Helper claimed that slavery was keeping the South backwards agriculturally and industrially, that it was destroying land prices, and hindering railroad building. In addition, he brought much needed attention to key cultural aspects that were usually ignored, such as the dependence of Southerners on the products of Northern industry, a lack of patriotism amongst the Southern elite, and the inability of the illiterate poor whites of the South to express their desires and aims. It is clear from his writing, that although Helper was sympathetic to the plight of blacks, he empathized most with the downtrodden whites of the South. Ultimately, Helper's larger goal was to provoke a type of socialist revolution, and the emancipation of slaves was only one aspect of this. Hinotn Rowan Helper (1829-1909) was born and raised in North Carolina, his father dying only a year after his birth. His family owned a few slaves, working them on a small farm. After a wasted three years in California during the "gold rush," he apparently contemplated a work that would address the economic problems in his own part of the country, the South. After much difficulty in publishing this book, Helper eventually achieved great success and popularity. He went on to live in South America, being appointed by President Lincoln as U.S. consul to Buenos Aires. Although respected as a scholar for his landmark anti-slavery work, his later writings became strident and polemical. Through various publications, he warned Americans about the threat that blacks and other non-white races posed for American society. His erstwhile supporters came to regard his post-war views with distaste, and they could not allow themselves to be associated with his program of nativism. Paul Dennis Sporer has edited many other works that contribute to the understanding of American society, such as End of an Era, by John Sergeant Wise, Is Secession Treason? by Albert Bledsoe, Newer Ideals of Peace, by Jane Addams, and Half a Century, by Jane Swisshelm.

General Robert E. Lee uttered to Albert Bledsoe these important words: "You have a great work to do; we all look to you for our vindication." The "work" Lee was referring to was in essence a Confederate political bible, that would clarify and explain the principles of self-determination upon which the Secession from the United States of America was based. Bledsoe was truly inspired to write a most deftly argued book defending the South's "unthinkable" action. This treatise, originally called Is Davis a Traitor?, is finally returned to print in a new edition, with a new preface and index. Albert Taylor Bledsoe (1809-1877) could be characterized as a traditionalist, an "unreconstructed Southerner," a fighter for various causes and a firm believer in the dangers of modernism and foreign influence. Yet he was no stooge working for the Southern "Brahmins"- he was an intelligent man of letters, soldier and educator, clergyman and lawyer, friend of wealthy men, social investigator, and seasoned traveler. Because of his intellectual perspicacity, and his connections to important leaders in the South, he became an apologist for the Southern Confederacy, and the pre-war Southern "mentality." Is Secession Treason? represents the pinnacle of Bledsoe's work. The centerpiece of his position is the critical distinction between the words "constitution" and "compact." Drawing from the texts of numerous political and philosophical documents, he presents ample justification for the assertion that the union of former colonies in the 1780s was voluntary and not perpetual, and their inherent independence was not taken away by their acceding to the "compact" that joined them. Limitation on the power of thecentral authority over the states was actually a key factor in the minds of the participants attending the Constitutional Convention, as the author so ably proves. In the pursuit of honesty and openness, Bledsoe strives to present both sides of the debate, and states with great clarity and force the positions of Webster, Madison, Jefferson, Hamilton, Calhoun and many others. After careful reflection and analysis, he arrives at two powerful conclusions: Secession was allowed under the Constitution, and the military attack by the Federal government on the Confederacy was illegal. So well-reasoned were his arguments, that his book proved to be a source of material for the defense of Jefferson Davis, President of the Southern Confederacy, from charges of treason. Despite Albert Bledsoe's unwavering devotion to his beloved homeland, one could say that his treatise is more of a fair and balanced treatment of Secession, than many recently published works covering the same subject. Paul Dennis Sporer has edited other books that contribute to the understanding of the complex social and political dynamics of the American Civil War period, such as End of an Era, by John Sergeant Wise, Half a Century, by Jane Swisshelm, and Tupelo by James Hill Aughey.

This highly rewarding work goes back to a time when theological discussion was not considered "heavy." It contains an inspirational treatment of the subject of conversion, and sees faith as creating fresh possibilities that can lead to great accomplishments. In modest, inspiring, but still powerful language, it puts forward many important ideas using a sensible, logical plan that helps the individual interact with God in his new-found spiritual life. As the title suggests, The New Birth views the concept of conversion as a momentous, singular event. Austin Phelps discusses the subject in relation to the subjects of guilt, self-respect, ritual, laws, mysticism, regeneration, the power of truth, the role of the preacher, and personal responsibility. Phelps strikes just the right balance of advice, admonition, dogma and social commentary. His writing is almost poetic, yet it is also steady, careful, straightforward and compelling. Although Phelps saw great value in the spreading of ideas through preaching, he perceived this form of address as more than a lecture; indeed, it was a kind of conversation, where people could stop to think, ask questions, and proceed to learn further. The author understood that the profundities of Christianity could not be laid out in a simple sermon; they need to be ex-pounded upon with a great diligence and earnestness, in direct language that does not trivialize, but still maintains the purity of the fundamental concept. Austin Phelps' books are, generally speaking, devotional, homiletical, and theological in character. The Still Hour was published in 1860 in both America and Britain, and was extremely popular, selling some 200,000 copies. He also published anumber of books about the difficult and varied tasks of a minister: The Theory of Preaching; Lectures on Homiletics (1881); Men and Books; or Studies in Homiletics (1882); My Study and Other Essays (1886) Rhetoric; Its Theory and Practice (1895). Paul Dennis Sporer has edited other significant books that deal with the complex dynamics of personal growth and transformation, such as The Missionary, by Samuel Mazzuchelli, Half a Century, by Jane Swisshelm, and Born Three Times by Thomas L. Johnson.

A common lament among artists is that there are no books available that give specific, practical information about the procedures used by those creative geniuses collectively known as the Old Masters. The reason for this dearth is that such a work's author would have to possess extraordinarily wide-ranging expert knowledge and skills. Thomas Gullick's credentials indicate a great capability in taking up this challenge. He was a professional artist and scholar living in the mid-19th century, and so was in an exemplary position to discuss the intricacies of traditional techniques, and to compare modern systems to the styles and methods of previous eras. The book's exceptionally insightful combination of art history, aesthetic theory and erudite analysis made it highly regarded at the time, and it was given as a prize for outstanding achievement at the Royal College of Art in London. In this important new edition, with a newly compiled comprehensive index, Gullick authoritatively covers the aims and objectives the artist should have when interpreting reality, with stress laid on accuracy of detail, depth and transparency. Apropos of these principles, he skilfully discusses the surprisingly complex theories of art that existed in ancient times, including that of the Egyptians, Assyrians, Greeks, Etruscans, and Romans. Also, the spiritual features of Christian Medieval art are explored, as are the distinctive traits of the national schools of Italy, Germany, the Low Countries, and England. Of particular value to the working artist are the detailed sections dealing with technical issues of pre-modern forms of painting, many of which are poorly understood today, but that could, if used, greatly facilitate and expand the range of visual expression. The reader will learn about various physical processes such as encaustic, mosaic, tempera, fresco, oil and miniature painting. There is also a wealth of knowledge pertaining to implements, vehicles, varnishes, grounds, colours, subjectiles (i.e. supports), chemical formulations, the arrangement of the work-room and studio, and much more. Despite the sophisticated nature of the material, the author does not neglect the human dimension, for he cites pertinent facts, as well as witty anecdotes, from the life stories of many well-known and not so well-known artists.

A masterpiece of psychological evaluation of culture, religion, patriotism and rebellion, The Heart of Aryavarta is a penetrating investigation of a complex society at a critical time in its history. At the beginning of the 20th century, India's evolving nationalist movement, led by educated and cultured men such as Gandhi, was gaining strength. The British, whose colonial agencies had dominated Indian life for generations, were unable to fathom this desire for independence. Lawrence Dundas (1876-1961), a statesman and administrator, unlike most of his countrymen, did not contemptuously dismiss this movement, but committed himself to fully understanding the underlying economic and political factors that drove forward its systematic rejection of British rule. However, Dundas takes the discussion much further than politics. Using first-hand observation, as well as in-depth research, he articulates the positive goals of the Indian nationalists, which were founded on the idea of a return to a golden age of peace, wisdom, and fulfilment that existed before the arrival of the colonialists. He also sagaciously analyses the complex social and intellectual mechanisms that regulated, stifled or encouraged the attacks on the institutions of British colonial authority. These mechanisms were often outwardly expressed as religious concepts, some quite startling in their ingenuity. In fact, Dundas believed it was essential to understand these remarkable "myths," and he explains them at length, in a manner that a Westerner can easily comprehend. The author, an aide-de-camp and biographer of the famous Lord Curzon, was extremely unusual, in being a high-ranking political official in India with a scholarly interest in sociology, psychology, metaphysics and history. His studies resulted in a very original analysis of current affairs, social class, educational goals, morality and ethics. One might argue that in certain ways he resembled, and even surpassed, Carl Jung in his interpretation of Indian symbolism and cosmology. The Heart of Aryavarta is an ambitious work that is almost unique in its impressive ability to reconcile the mystical with the political. Despite his position and background, Dundas demonstrates that he has a profound knowledge of the deep-seated human need for social and cultural development free from external interference. He sympathises with the difficulties of the Indian people, and sincerely attempts to see their desire for autonomy from their perspective.

In the 15th century, a fabulous journey awaited those who could unlock the secrets of the Earth's geography. Beautifully written and emotionally compelling, 1492: Admiral of the Ocean-Sea tells of the famous adventures of Columbus and his men, who sailed into the almost mythical seas beyond the horizon in search of the "New World," in the hopes of attaining vast wealth and power. This brilliant book, by best-selling author Mary Johnston, traces the long route taken by explorers hoping to locate Asia. Based on their limited means and understanding of navigation, they struggle to find their position, while at the same time encountering many natural wonders and exotic peoples. Tensions build as they appear to become increasingly lost. Columbus and his crew begin to lose hope, until they finally receive the vindication of their bold vision. 1492: Admiral of the Ocean-Sea pays special attention to the conditions of the late 15th century period. It describes the competition between classes and ethnic groups in Spain, as well as the clashes that occurred when people from two very different cultures, native American and European, interact. These issues are not merely abstract, since we see them vividly through the eyes of a disenfranchised individual: a Christian sailor of Jewish background, who has been compelled to lead a secretive and solitary existence. The incidents of his life are brought to us in a handsome, elegant language, uncommon in the books of our day.

A young woman working as a domestic servant disappears from a wealthy household in New York City. The police investigating the disappearance have few clues, and the other servants working in the mansion, which is owned by a Mr. Blake, seem to know little about the woman in question. Did she leave voluntarily or was she kidnaped? The police suspect the well-to-do owner of the house, and conduct a surveillance of his activities. They realize the connections between the missing woman and Mr. Blake are closer than first thought. What then were the true relations between employer and servant? We learn that the woman had years earlier saved Mr. Blake's life, and this led to a secret liaison that became the motive for blackmail. This exciting story, set in the late 19th century, takes us from the highly privileged and sumptuous surroundings of Fifth Avenue, to the dangerous backstreets of downtown Manhattan, and into the forests and isolated cottages of upstate New York. After the shocking truth about the participants is revealed, the police move to prevent a murder. Part of their plan involves a young detective disguising himself as a consumptive French artist The author, Anna Katharine Green, excels in her ability to convincingly portray villains as well as heroes. In her dramas, characters struggle with lost opportunities, vengeful motives, hidden agendas, and complex family relationships. This was the second book written by Green after her famous Leavenworth Case, and was originally published in 1880 by New York firm, A.L. Burt.

In this elegant drama, Anna Katharine Green, one of the greatest mystery writers of all time, weaves a narrative with her usual consummate skill, and portrays her characters with exceptional sympathy. On the New England seacoast, not far from Boston, lies a staid, picturesque village called Sutherlandtown. In these tranquil surroundings, Agatha Webb and her servant are found murdered. The task of unraveling the mystery begins at once, and suspicion points to a number of persons. Agatha herself had a tragic and troubled past. She suffered the loss of six of her children who died in infancy; some of the people of the village suspected her of complicity in these deaths, while others looked upon her as a victim. Adding to the complexity of the situation, a wealthy local man is being blackmailed by someone who believes that he is guilty of Agatha's murder. The solution of the puzzle is uncovered in an intensely dramatic court scene. In addition to the attraction of the mystery, there is a great love story. One of the detectives in the case, Caleb Sweetwater, was first introduced in a minor role in A Strange Disappearance (1880). Here, the details of his interesting life story are revealed, considerably fleshing out and developing his character. We learn that he was raised in Sutherland-town, maturing into a talented violinist, but constrained to supporting his mother with limited means. He relinquishes his musical career in order to become a detective. In this role he stands out as a trustworthy and conscientious young man, who volunteers his services to a patron in return for past consideration. Sweetwater becomes the hero by ultimately solving the crime in Agatha Webb. He appears again inseveral other Green novels as Gryce's assistant in the New York Police Department.

To find the fountain of youth - what would that entail, to live forever, to pass through many generations, without dying? Would it be a blessing or a curse? We are taken on an amazing journey, as the man originally known as Kroudhr, Vizier to the King Alexander, tells his rather bewildered American guest a bizarre story. When he was a high ranking official of the King's court centuries ago, Kroudhr secretly discovered the magical elixir that bestows immortality. He went on to experience many marvelous adventures over the succeeding generations. He also explains the various methods he used to conceal his unchanging physical condition. Unlike other personages in fantasy literature who have claimed immortality, Kroudhr did not go through a series of guises as the great composers, writers, government officials, and scientists of history. Instead, he assumed far more humble personas. However, from time to time he met, and even helped, geniuses and leaders with their work. This is an intelligent account of the practical issues of life without end on Earth: the advantages, the odd coincidences, the distorted view of human society. The Vizier of the Two-Horned Alexander focuses on the constantly unfolding situations, overlapping and shifting, that confront the man who cannot die. The author gives us a mature, cultured perspective on this most unusual character. This is a new edition of a long neglected masterpiece, which was first published in 1897. It contains a delightful array of fantasy elements, and is one of the best of its genre.

The small town of Shelby is shaken by a brutal murder. In its remote outskirts, in a place called Dark Hollow, a man by the name of Etheridge was found beaten to death. John Scoville, a local inn-keeper, is convicted and executed for the crime. Many years later, "a woman in purple" shows up at the house of Ostrander, the respected judge who had sentenced Scoville to be executed. This mysterious woman turns out to be the wife of the convicted man, but she does not believe he was guilty. Deborah Scoville had to move away with her daughter and change her name to avoid the stigma of being the wife of a murderer. She visits the Judge, who is now a recluse, to challenge him on his verdict. He listens to her plea, but reaffirms his belief in Scoville's guilt. Having nowhere to go, Deborah is given the position of maid, which she secretly will use to obtain proof of her husband's innocence and the identity of the real killer. However, the initial evidence that Deborah collects points in troubling new directions. It forces disclosures about the Judge's errant and estranged son. More evidence emerges: peculiar marks on a walking stick, a knife, a tragic fire, mistaken identities, heated arguments between friends. All of this produces astonishing tension, culminating in bitter accusations and an exciting chase in upstate New York. Finally, all the circumstances of the crime are revealed. Judge Ostrander carries painful secrets from long ago, involving his son and his best friend, secrets that he hoped would never come to light. Dark Hollow is a compelling tale of hidden guilt, honor, and remorse.

This is a book by pastor William Bacon that attempts to cover a wide range of issues that parents must confront in helping their children become responsible Christians. It takes the controversial position that corporeal punishment, although it should be avoided, must be used when children do not readily accept other forms of inducement to obey parental authority. Not everyone will agree with its premises, but it provides critical information on the justification for physical discipline. William Bacon believed in the concept of a household "absolute government"; the child must understand that ultimate law and justice rest with the parents, and refusal of requests by children cannot be tolerated. Bacon also believed in what we today would call behaviorism: that the human child, like other creatures, can only attain a productive life through guidance that is clear, steadfast, and goal-orientated. The natural tendency in man is to disobey, and if his tendencies are not checked, he will fall into moral ruin. Consequently, Bacon does not hesitate in condemning parents who are too lazy or too weak to adequately discipline their children. Discipline to him meant whatever it took to make children conform to their parents' requests. Although harsh treatment is distasteful, Bacon believes not only will this form of correction benefit society, but will also, according to his analysis of Biblical scripture, immeasurably help the child's soul.

In the stifling jungles of a small South American country, Robert Clay works as a civil engineer at a mine. With two American assistants, he attempts to reap all the rewards found in this challenging environment. But he also has a secret history as a mercenary, fighting for whichever side will pay him the most. Clay finds himself in love with Alice Langham, the daughter of the wealthy American owner of the mine. His competition for Alice is Reggie King, who is also from an illustrious and powerful family. Together, these characters find themselves at the center of an explosive political situation, where a violent revolution is about to begin. All are caught up in the uprising, and must take whatever measures necessary to survive. But Clay and his companions see a way to make money and gain power in this most dangerous of enterprises. Soldiers of Fortune is a kind of novel that is not written anymore: men achieving recognition and honor by engaging in daring exploits in the midst of arms and warfare. The key to survival is personal commitment, and politics and patriotism are a thing of the past. Using an almost journalistic kind of writing, Davis is able to bring great realism to the story.

In lively prose, Albert Rhodes describes in The French at Home the allures and foibles of the Gallic race. Early in American history, before certain prejudices had set in, this diplomat living in France shows the varied facets of French life, in an age when traditional ideas still predominated. Using many charming examples, Rhodes touches on such subjects as chivalry, speech, epigrams, dress, food - all the things that make the French so distinctive. Rhodes not only describes the many ordinary activities he observed as a diplomat in France, but he also attempts to look deeply into the French character, into a nation's "personality," to perceive what makes them better or worse than Americans. This long neglected book brings to life the manners and customs of the French at a time when gallantry was still alive, and art and culture were held in high esteem. Rhodes's opportunities during a lengthy foreign residence in the consular and diplomatic service have been unusual; and the results of his observations are presented here in a form that could be considered both brilliant and instructive.

The story of men who become rich is not uncommon. But it is rare to find the story of a man who rose from the very lowest rank in society, a member of a despised caste known as the chattel slave, to a position among the greatest, as a renowned missionary and lecturer. BORN THREE TIMES is a truly inspiring narrative of human potential and capacity. Thomas Johnson depicts his life under slavery and his life as a free man. The great change in condition, from prisoner to world traveller, from an insignificant "nobody" to celebrated evangelist and speaker - all this seems to be fiction, but it is absolutely true. He describes his slow steps in education. Tasks which other people conquer in childhood, such as learning the alphabet, he must deal with as an adult. Scenes of life which are taken for granted by the free-born, are challenging and unnerving to those who had lived in bondage. Further, Johnson reveals the many complex feelings he had about people and places. In something that is rare in books of this kind, he even discloses the secret opinions he and other slaves held of different cultures. England was considered by them to be the greatest nation in the world, because Queen Victoria had done so much to liberate the oppressed. Although he acknowledged that as a black man his racial homeland was in Africa, he appears to have felt surprisingly limited resonance with the culture he encountered during his missionary work there. Johnson made what was at the time a very audacious decision, to move his family overseas to Europe. He felt his real place was in England, a land with which he had absolutely no racial, ethnic or cultural affiliations. He makes clear his reason: the widespreadprejudice in America, North and South, that existed against former slaves made his life intolerable. However, he noted that this prejudice was not as evident against those blacks visiting from other nations-an interesting comment on the peculiar nature of racism. Johnson believed that there would be less racism amongst people who had never tolerated slavery in their own country. One indeed detects in his writing a genuine warmth towards the people of his new home, an intangible feeling he cannot explain.

Jacob Abbott, highly respected educator and social activist, wrote over 200 works for and about children. Yet this amazing oeuvre has been almost entirely forgotten. His most important work, Gentle Measures, originally published in 1871, became one of the most widely-read books on parenting. This wonderful volume, out of print for many years, is now available in a new edition. It brings Abbott's insight and sympathetic consideration once again to the public, and sheds light on long-misunderstood aspects of "Victorian" child-rearing. Abbott's historical "location" assures us of a fresh view. His great intellect, his careful measured tones, his humanitarian concern, all come through to us today across the divide of time. Indeed, this book is part of a large store of undervalued American literature, that still has much to say to the present generation. Written by an outstanding observer of human nature, this work will give parents and teachers a new perspective on the interactions between adults and children.